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Population frequencies of facial clefts in regions of the Russian Federation

https://doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2024.04.38-44

Abstract

Introduction. Facial clefts are one of the most common and severe congenital malformations. Due to gross anatomical disorders, children with cleft lip and palate may experience serious disturbances in nutrition, speech, hearing, as well as mental and social disorders. To study the causes of these defects, as well as to develop preventive measures, it is necessary to know their epidemiological characteristics, which is the purpose of this study.
Methods. The analysis used data on cleft lip and palate from 24 regions of the Russian Federation that monitor congenital malformations. All cases of facial clefts among newborns from 2020-2022 were included. The total number of cases of malformations was 473 cases of cleft palate (CP) and 980 cases of cleft lip/palate (CLP). The total number of births was 1,136,551. Frequencies were calculated per 10,000 births.
Results. According to the results of the study, the total estimate of frequencies for all regions for three years was for CP – 4.16, for CLP – 8.62 per 10,000 births. Interregional differences in estimates of the frequencies of CP and CLP were revealed. For the period 2020- 2022 in the regions of the Russian Federation, the frequency of CP ranges from 1.70 to 11.09, the frequency of CLP – from 3.08 to 15.97. The sex ratio for CP was 0.85M:1F, for CLP – 1.69M:1F, i.e. for CP girls are more often affected; for CLP boys are more often affected. Most cases of facial clefts are isolated forms. No changes in the frequency of defects are observed over time.
Conclusion. Facial clefts are characterized by a high frequency with geographic and interregional differences, knowledge of which is important for the scientifically based development of preventive measures, as well as justification of the scope of diagnostic and therapeutic care for patients with these defects.

About the Authors

N. S. Demikova
Yu.E. Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation

2, Taldomskaya st., Moscow, 125412;

2/1, Barrikadnaya st., Moscow, 125993



A. N. Putintsev
Yu.E. Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation

2, Taldomskaya st., Moscow, 125412



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Demikova N.S., Putintsev A.N. Population frequencies of facial clefts in regions of the Russian Federation. Medical Genetics. 2024;23(4):38-44. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2024.04.38-44

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ISSN 2073-7998 (Print)