Е-cadherin in gastric cancer tumorigenesis

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the basis of tumor invasion and metastasis. It is characterized by the loss of communication between epithelial cells, which lead to the appearance of a motile phenotype of mesenchymal cells. The E-cadherin protein plays an important role in the EMT process, establishing and maintaining intercellular interactions and allowing epithelial cells to form a cell layer. The partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression that occurs during EMT is mediated by mechanisms that block the expression of activators of this protein and related transcription factors. In contrast, the inhibitors of E-cadherin SNAIL1/2, ZEB, TWIST1, GRHL2, OVOL1/2, and PRRX1 are overexpressed. E-cadherin is involved in various oncogenic signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Rho GTPase and EGF/EGFR. Therefore it contributes to many tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs as important epigenetic regulators of gene expression in carcinogenesis are also involved in the regulation of E-cadherin function. They act directly or indirectly, through multiple factors controlling gene transcription, and thus influence tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This review is focused on the role of E-cadherin in tumor progression and the involvement of non-coding RNAs in the mechanisms controlling its expression in gastric carcinogenesis.

E-cadherin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), aberrant gene expression, tumor progression, gastric cancer, noncoding RNAs

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