Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (testing) for monogenic disorders: indications and ethics

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis/testing (PGD/PGT) for monogenic disorders is directed on prevention of the birth of the child with a hereditary disorders by means of testing embryos before implantation in IVF (in vitro fertilization). The high risk of severe form of a single gene disease is a strict medical indication for PGD for monogenic disorders at condition of contraindications and restrictions lack. Extension of PGD indications and genetic testing opportunities raises questions on standard regulation and ethical responsibility. Ethical questions are happening if a genetic risk is lower than the «high» or the disease cannot be classified as serious and if abnormal embryo transfer is proposed. Ethical aspects of PGD are considered in terms of basic ethical principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. In comparison with prenatal diagnostics, realization of these principles at PGD faces a number of additional difficult questions. The value of the human embryos and probability to have no children has to correspond to the valid risk and severity of a possible disease.

преимплантационная генетическая диагностика, ПГД, ПГТ, моногенные заболевания, показания, нормативное регулирование, этика, preimplantation genetic diagnosis/testing, PGD/PGT, monogenic disorders, indications, standard regulation, ethics