Peculiarities of the spectrum of mutations in hereditary tyrosinemia type I in various populations of the Russian Federation

Tyrosinemia type I (TH1) is an inborn autosomal recessive disorder of tyrosine catabolism caused by defective strength of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase and mutations in FAH gene. The frequency of TH1 is approximately one in 100,000 to 120,000 live births worldwide. Several regions of the world have a higher expected frequency of TH1 due to an increased frequency of certain pathogenic variants resulting from the founder effect. In Norway, Finland and province of Quebec (Canada) the birth incidence is estimated as 1:74,000, 1:60,000 and 1:16,000 for live births, respectively. The frequency of TH1in whole Russia and in its regions is not known. To study the frequency and spectrum of mutations of HT1 in the Russian Federation, a number of ethnic groups belonging to different linguistic and geographical regions were explored. The mutation c.1025 C>T (Pro342Leu) whish constist (33.3% of all the mutant HT1 alleles) and is specific to the Chechen ethnic group. Among 296 newborn DBS from Chechen Republic, heterozygous carriers were found at a frequency of 0.0236 (the frequency of the mutant allele is 0.0118), which causes the calculated incidence rate HT1 at 1:7152, one of the most frequent rates worldwide. No single case of mutation of the pool leading to this disease was found among 201 newborn DBS from Dagestan. A previously undocumented mutation c.1090 G>C (Glu364Gln) was found in three Yakut, Buryat and Nenets patients in homozygous state. Detection of the ethno-specific mutations associated with HT1 in different populations of the Russian Federation is probably due to the founder effect.

тирозинемия тип 1, недостаточность фумарилацетоацетат гидролазы, мутация, аллель, этнос, tyrosinemia type 1, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency, mutation, allele, ethnicity

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