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The use of the method of isonymy in the population-genetic study of the Russian regions
https://doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2025.04.58-61
Abstract
Introduction. The isonymy method is a cost-effective tool in population genetics, particularly valuable when molecular-genetic data are lacking. It allows for the assessment of inbreeding levels, migration patterns, and population structure using surname distribution.
Objective. To describe the theoretical and applied aspects of the isonymy method in studying Russian populations, and to demonstrate its utility in modeling the prevalence of hereditary diseases.
Methods. Electoral registers were used to calculate surname frequencies and random inbreeding coefficients. Additional tools included Barrai parameters (entropy, migration index), cartographic analysis, and cluster analysis using the McKusick arccosine metric.
Results. Significant correlations were found between random inbreeding values and the genetic burden of hereditary diseases. Family landscape schemes revealed ethnic structures, elementary population boundaries, and migration vectors.
Conclusion. The isonymy method enables large-scale demographic and genetic screening, helping to identify regions at higher risk for hereditary pathologies and to characterize complex population structures, including polyethnicity and migration patterns.
Keywords
isonymy method,
surname landscape,
random inbreeding,
population genetics,
ethnic structure,
hereditary diseases
Supporting agencies: The study was carried out according to the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the RCMG
About the Authors
G. I. Еl’chinova
Research Centre for Medical Genetics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115522
Yu. A. Rеvаzоvа
F.F.Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
2, Semashko st., Mytischi, 141000
R. A. Zinchеnkо
Research Centre for Medical Genetics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115522
References
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Review
For citations:
Еl’chinova G.I., Rеvаzоvа Yu.A., Zinchеnkо R.A. The use of the method of isonymy in the population-genetic study of the Russian regions. Medical Genetics. 2025;24(4):58-61. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2025.04.58-61
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