Исследование полиморфизма ядерного генома современной группы итальянцев Крыма

В статье представлены результаты комплексного антропогенетического анализа группы современных «итальянцев Крыма», являющихся потомками итальянских мигрантов с Апеннинского полуострова с конца XVIII до начала XX вв. Генетическое исследование основано на анализе распространенности генотипов и аллелей семи аутосомных полиморфных генов (PAH, TH01, NOS3, SLC6A3, CCR5, ACE, FABP2) среди итальянцев Крыма и сопоставлении частот их встречаемости с мировым распределением для определения генетических характеристик изученной группы и ее положения в пространстве других мировых популяций. По данным пяти маркеров потомки итальянцев более близки европейским популяциям и ближе всего к русским, что говорит о степени метисации данной группы, как и высокий уровень гетерозиготности. По рассчитанным расстояниям для FABP2, PAH, TH01 они тяготеют к исторической предковой популяции итальянцев Италии, но оределить территориальное происхождение не представляется возможным. Анализ фамилий «итальянцев Крыма» и их предков в качестве надежных квазигенетических маркеров показал, что большинство мигрантов (52,53%) имело северное происхождение, 27,72% мигрантов происходили из южных регионов Апеннинского полуострова, 19,75% − из центральной области Италии. Трансформации, которым подвергались во времени исконные фамилии итальянских мигрантов, отражают сложный процесс адаптации итальянских групп в Черноморско-Азовском регионе. Результаты исследования дополняют знания по этнической геномике итальянцев.

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