The first results and prospects of medical genetic studies of museum and archaeological samples
https://doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2023.05.3-11
Abstract
Despite the impressive achievements of paleogenetics, the medical and genetic history of ancient populations has yet to be explored in detail. The vast majority of studies on ancient individuals or groups of people who lived in various historical and prehistoric periods focus on their evolutionary and population history, their origin and migrations. Here we discuss the prospects of a new direction – the pathogenetics of ancient people. For correct medical and genetic interpretation of genomic data, reliability criteria have to be established taking into account the specific features of ancient DNA: poor DNA preservation, contamination with modern human and microbial DNA, and, especially, chemical modifications accumulating in DNA. In the sequencing data of ancient genomes these modifications manifest themselves with high frequency in a form of so-called “postmortem” mutations. To date, only a few studies are devoted to the identification of genes of mendelian diseases using ancient DNA, which are discussed in this review.
Supporting agencies: The work was supported financially by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (system number 075-10-2020-116, grant number 13.1902.21.0023).
About the Authors
T. V. Andreeva
Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences; Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1, Olympic prospect., town. Sirius, federal territory “Sirius”, 354340
3, Gubkina st., Moscow, 119333
1, building 12, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991
A. S. Bydanov
Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1, Olympic prospect., town. Sirius, federal territory “Sirius”, 354340
F. E. Gusev
Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1, Olympic prospect., town. Sirius, federal territory “Sirius”, 354340
3, Gubkina st., Moscow, 119333
E. I. Rogaev
Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology; Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1, Olympic prospect., town. Sirius, federal territory “Sirius”, 354340
1, building 12, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991
Worcester, MA 01545, USA
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Review
For citations:
Andreeva T.V., Bydanov A.S., Gusev F.E., Rogaev E.I. The first results and prospects of medical genetic studies of museum and archaeological samples. Medical Genetics. 2023;22(5):3-11. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2023.05.3-11
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