medgenМедицинская генетикаMedical Genetics2073-7998Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC10.25557/2073-7998.2019.01.25-34medgen-622Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL RESEARCHВарианты гена адипонектина (ADIPOQ) rs2441766 и rs266729: ассоциация с концентрацией общего и высокомолекулярного адипонектина сыворотки крови у женщин с абдоминальным ожирением и метаболическим синдромомGene ADIPOQ variants rs2441766 and rs266729: associationwith concentration of adiponectin (total and high molecular weight adiponectin), abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome in womenБровинД. Л.BrovinD. L.dlbrovin@mail.ruДрачеваК. В.DrachevaK. V.noemail@neicon.ruПантелееваА. А.PanteleevaA. A.noemail@neicon.ruБеляеваО. Д.BelyaevaO. D.noemail@neicon.ruПчелинаС. Н.PchelinaS. N.noemail@neicon.ruБаженоваЕ. А.BazhenovaE. A.noemail@neicon.ruКароноваТ. Л.KaronovaT. L.noemail@neicon.ruКолодинаД. А.KolodinaD. A.noemail@neicon.ruПоляковаЕ. А.PolyakovaE. A.noemail@neicon.ruВолковаА. Р.VolkovaA. R.noemail@neicon.ruКозловаС. Н.KozlovaS. N.noemail@neicon.ruБерковичО. А.BerkovichO. A.noemail@neicon.ruБарановаЕ. И.BaranovaE. I.noemail@neicon.ruФГБОУВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияPavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт»РоссияPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute»Russian FederationФГБОУВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГБУ Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт»РоссияPavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute»Russian FederationФГБОУВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияPavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University; Almazov National Medical Research CentreRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияPavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University; Almazov National Medical Research CentreRussian Federation2019200320191812534Copyright © Бровин Д.Л., Драчева К.В., Пантелеева А.А., Беляева О.Д., Пчелина С.Н., Баженова Е.А., Каронова Т.Л., Колодина Д.А., Полякова Е.А., Волкова А.Р., Козлова С.Н., Беркович О.А., Баранова Е.И., 20192019Бровин Д.Л., Драчева К.В., Пантелеева А.А., Беляева О.Д., Пчелина С.Н., Баженова Е.А., Каронова Т.Л., Колодина Д.А., Полякова Е.А., Волкова А.Р., Козлова С.Н., Беркович О.А., Баранова Е.И.Brovin D.L., Dracheva K.V., Panteleeva A.A., Belyaeva O.D., Pchelina S.N., Bazhenova E.A., Karonova T.L., Kolodina D.A., Polyakova E.A., Volkova A.R., Kozlova S.N., Berkovich O.A., Baranova E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/622

Актуальность. Адипонектин (АН) - протективный адипоцитокин, продуцируемый жировой тканью и циркулирующий в крови в виде различных изомеров. При абдоминальном ожирении (АО) сниженная концентрация АН ассоциируется с развитием метаболи- ческого синдрома (МС), его отдельных компонентов и различных сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. АН кодируется геном ADIPOQ . Показано, что генетические варианты ADIPOQ ассоциированы с изменением концентрации АН сыворотки крови.Цель исследования. Выявить ассоциации полиморфных вариантов T(+45)G rs2441766 и С(-11377)G rs 266729 гена ADIPOQ с кон- центрацией АН сыворотки крови, АО и МС у женщин.Результаты. Обследованы 302 женщины с АО в возрасте от 30 до 55 лет. Группу сравнения составила 161 практически здоровая женщина без АО. У 185 обследованных с АО был диагностирован МС в соответствии с критериями Международной федерации диа- бета (IDF, 2005). Частоты генотипов и аллелей вариантов T(+45)G и С(-11377)G гена ADIPOQ у женщин с АО и без АО не различались (р>0,05). Среди женщин с АО и МС реже встречались носители аллеля G варианта T(+45)G гена ADIPOQ , чем среди женщин с АО без МС (р<0,05). Частоты генотипов и аллелей варианта С(-11377)G гена ADIPOQ у женщин с АО и МС и у пациенток с АО без МС не разли- чались (р>0,05). У женщин с АО - носителей аллеля G варианта T(+45)G гена ADIPOQ концентрация высокомолекулярного АН (ВМАН) была выше, чем у носителей генотипа TТ этого гена. При анализе частот гаплотипов вариантов T(+45)G и С(-11377)G гена ADIPOQ в обследованных группах достоверных различий не выявлено (р>0,05). Концентрации общего АН в сыворотке крови у женщин с АО и МС - носителей различных генотипов и гаплотипов вариантов T(+45)G и С(-11377)G гена ADIPOQ не различались (р>0,05). Концен- трация ВМАН у женщин с АО - носителей гаплотипа TGC(X) (Х - аллель С или G варианта С(-11377)G ) была выше, чем у женщин с АО - носителей других гаплотипов гена ADIPOQ (р<0,05).Выводы. Носительство аллеля G варианта T(+45)G гена ADIPOQ является протективным в отношении МС у женщин с АО. У женщин с АО - носителей аллеля G концентрация ВМАН выше, чем у женщин с АО - носителей TT генотипа варианта T(+45)G гена ADIPOQ .

Background. Adiponectin (AN) - a protective adipocytokine, produced by fat tissue and circulating in the form of various isomers in the blood. With obesity, a decreased level of AN is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and various cardiovascular diseases. Regulation of its level can be caused by genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphism T(+45)G and C(-11377)G of the ADIPOQ gene. Allelic variants of the ADIPOQ gene was associated with AN concentrarion in blood.Objective. To identify the association of genetic variants of ADIPOQ with adiponectin level, AO and MS in women.Results. A total of 302 women with abdominal obesity (AO) aged 30-55 years were examined. The comparison group consisted of 161 practically healthy women without AO. 185 patients with AO had MS according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2005). The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of variants T (+45) G and C (-11377) G of the ADIPOQ gene among women with and without AO did not differ (p> 0,05). Among women with AO and MS, carriers of G allele variant T (+45) G of the ADIPOQ gene were less common than among women with AO without MS (р<0,05). The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of variant C (-11377) G of the ADIPOQ gene did not differ in women with AO and MS and in patients with AO without MS (p> 0.05). In women with AO - carriers of the G allele variant T (+45) G of the ADIPOQ gene, the concentration of high molecular weight AN (HMWA) was higher than that of the TT carriers of the genotype of this gene The haplotypes of the T (+45) G and C (-11377) G variants of the ADIPOQ gene did not differ in the studied groups (p> 0,05). The con- centration of total AN in the serum of women with AO and MS - carriers of different genotypes and haplotypes of variants T (+45) G and C (-11377) G of the ADIPOQ gene did not differ (p> 0,05). The concentration of HMWA in women with AO - carriers of the TGC(X) haplotype (X - allele C or G variant C (-11377) G) was higher than in women with AO - carriers of other haplotypes of the ADIPOQ gene (p <0,05). Coclusions. G allele of the T(+45)G variant the ADIPOQ gene is protective against MS in women with AO. In women with AO - carriers of the G allele, the concentration of HMWA is higher than in women with AO - carriers of the TT genotype of variant T(+45)G of the ADIPOQ gene.

общий и высокомолекулярный адипонектинабдоминальное ожирениеметаболический синдромT(+45)G rs2441766 и C(-11377)G rs266729 полиморфизм гена адипонектина (ADIPOQ)total and high molecular weight adiponectinabdominal obesityadiponectin gene polymorphism (ADIPOQ)ReferencesKaur J. Comprehensive Review on Metabolic Syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract. 2014; 2014: 943162. doi: 10.1155/2014/943162.Kaur J. Comprehensive Review on Metabolic Syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract. 2014; 2014: 943162. doi: 10.1155/2014/943162.Liu M., Liu F. Regulation of adiponectin multimerization, signaling and function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jan; 28(1): 25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.06.003.Liu M., Liu F. Regulation of adiponectin multimerization, signaling and function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jan; 28(1): 25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.06.003.Di Chiara T., Argano C., Corrao S. et al. Hypoadiponectinemia: A Link between Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr Metab. 2012; 2012: 175245. doi: 10.1155/2012/175245.Di Chiara T., Argano C., Corrao S. et al. Hypoadiponectinemia: A Link between Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr Metab. 2012; 2012: 175245. doi: 10.1155/2012/175245.Kobayashi H., Ouchi N., Kihara S. et al. Selective suppression of endothelial cells apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin. Circ Res. 2004 Mar 5; 94(4): e27-31.Kobayashi H., Ouchi N., Kihara S. et al. Selective suppression of endothelial cells apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin. Circ Res. 2004 Mar 5; 94(4): e27-31.Shibata R., Ouchi N., Murohara T. Adiponectin and cardiovascular disease. Circ J. 2009; 73(4): 608-14.Shibata R., Ouchi N., Murohara T. Adiponectin and cardiovascular disease. Circ J. 2009; 73(4): 608-14.Zhu N., Pankov J.S., Ballantyne C.M. et al. High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the ARIC Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Nov; 95(11): 5097-104. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0716.Zhu N., Pankov J.S., Ballantyne C.M. et al. High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the ARIC Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Nov; 95(11): 5097-104. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0716.Wang Y., Zhang D., Liu Y. et al. Association study of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in adiponectin-associated genes with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. J Genet Genomics. 2009 Jul; 36(7): 417-23. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60131-9.Wang Y., Zhang D., Liu Y. et al. Association study of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in adiponectin-associated genes with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. J Genet Genomics. 2009 Jul; 36(7): 417-23. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60131-9.Enns J.E., Taylor C.G., Zahradka P. Variations in Adipokine Genes AdipoQ, Lep, and LepR are Associated with Risk for Obesity-Related Metabolic Disease: The Modulatory Role of Gene-Nutrient Interactions. Journal of Obesity. 2011; 2011: 17.Enns J.E., Taylor C.G., Zahradka P. Variations in Adipokine Genes AdipoQ, Lep, and LepR are Associated with Risk for Obesity-Related Metabolic Disease: The Modulatory Role of Gene-Nutrient Interactions. Journal of Obesity. 2011; 2011: 17.Gao M., Ding D., Huang J. et al. Association of genetic variants in the adiponectin gene with metabolic syndrome: a case-control study and a systematic meta-analysis in the Chinese population. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4): e58412. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058412.Gao M., Ding D., Huang J. et al. Association of genetic variants in the adiponectin gene with metabolic syndrome: a case-control study and a systematic meta-analysis in the Chinese population. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4): e58412. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058412.Han Y., Zheng YL., Fan YP. et al. Association of adiponectin gene polymorphism 45TG with gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed on the new IADPSG criteria, plasma adiponectin levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clin Exp Med. 2015 Feb; 15(1): 47-53. doi: 10.1007/s10238-014-0275-8.Han Y., Zheng YL., Fan YP. et al. Association of adiponectin gene polymorphism 45TG with gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed on the new IADPSG criteria, plasma adiponectin levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clin Exp Med. 2015 Feb; 15(1): 47-53. doi: 10.1007/s10238-014-0275-8.Oliveira C.S., Saddi-Rosa P., Crispim F. et al. Association of ADIPOQ variants, total and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with coronary artery disease in diabetic and non-diabetic Brazilian subjects. J Diabetes Complications. 2012 Mar-Apr; 26(2): 94-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.02.008.Oliveira C.S., Saddi-Rosa P., Crispim F. et al. Association of ADIPOQ variants, total and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with coronary artery disease in diabetic and non-diabetic Brazilian subjects. J Diabetes Complications. 2012 Mar-Apr; 26(2): 94-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.02.008.Suriyaprom K., Phonrat B., Tungtrongchitr R. Association of adiponectin gene -11377C>G polymorphism with adiponectin levels and the metabolic syndrome in Thais. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2014; 23(1): 167-73. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.1.01.Suriyaprom K., Phonrat B., Tungtrongchitr R. Association of adiponectin gene -11377C>G polymorphism with adiponectin levels and the metabolic syndrome in Thais. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2014; 23(1): 167-73. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.1.01.Xita N., Georgiou I., Chatzikyriakidou A. et al. Effect of adiponecthetin gene polymorphisms on circulating adiponectin and insulin resistance indexes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chem. 2005 Feb; 51(2): 416-23.Xita N., Georgiou I., Chatzikyriakidou A. et al. Effect of adiponecthetin gene polymorphisms on circulating adiponectin and insulin resistance indexes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chem. 2005 Feb; 51(2): 416-23.Patel S., Flyvbjerg A., Kozàkovà M. et al. Variation in the ADIPOQ gene promoter is associated with carotid intima media thickness independent of plasma adiponectin levels in healthy subjects. Eur Heart J. 2008 Feb; 29(3): 386-93.Patel S., Flyvbjerg A., Kozàkovà M. et al. Variation in the ADIPOQ gene promoter is associated with carotid intima media thickness independent of plasma adiponectin levels in healthy subjects. Eur Heart J. 2008 Feb; 29(3): 386-93.Cartegni L., Chew S.L., Krainer A.R. Listening to silence and understanding nonsense: exonic mutations that affect splicing. Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Apr; 3(4): 285-98.Cartegni L., Chew S.L., Krainer A.R. Listening to silence and understanding nonsense: exonic mutations that affect splicing. Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Apr; 3(4): 285-98.Wu J., Liu Z., Meng K., Zhang L. Association of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) rs2241766 polymorphism with obesity in adults: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 16; 9(4): e95270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095270.Wu J., Liu Z., Meng K., Zhang L. Association of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) rs2241766 polymorphism with obesity in adults: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 16; 9(4): e95270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095270.Li X., Wei D., He H. et al. Association of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) +45 T > G polymorphism with the metabolic syndrome among Han Chinese in Sichuan province of China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012; 21(2): 296-301.Li X., Wei D., He H. et al. Association of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) +45 T > G polymorphism with the metabolic syndrome among Han Chinese in Sichuan province of China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012; 21(2): 296-301.Fan Y., Wang K., Xu S. et al. Association between ADIPOQ +45T>G Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan; 16(1): 704-723. doi: 10.3390/ijms16010704.Fan Y., Wang K., Xu S. et al. Association between ADIPOQ +45T>G Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan; 16(1): 704-723. doi: 10.3390/ijms16010704.Sahli S., Khlifi L., Jaballah A. et al. Evaluation of serum adiponectin and adipoq +45 t>g polymorphism with metabolic syndrome in tunisian population. IJPSR. 2017; 8(3): 1294-1300.Sahli S., Khlifi L., Jaballah A. et al. Evaluation of serum adiponectin and adipoq +45 t>g polymorphism with metabolic syndrome in tunisian population. IJPSR. 2017; 8(3): 1294-1300.Zhou J.M., Zhang M., Wang S. et al. Association of the ADIPOQ Rs2241766 and Rs266729 Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Population: A Meta-analysis. Biomed Environ Sci. 2016 Jul; 29(7): 505-15. doi: 10.3967/bes2016.066.Zhou J.M., Zhang M., Wang S. et al. Association of the ADIPOQ Rs2241766 and Rs266729 Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Population: A Meta-analysis. Biomed Environ Sci. 2016 Jul; 29(7): 505-15. doi: 10.3967/bes2016.066.Ходырев Д.С., Никитин А.Г., Бровкин А.Н. и др. Анализ ассоциации полиморфных маркеров генов ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1 и ADIPOR2 с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2015; 18(2): 5-11.Ходырев Д.С., Никитин А.Г., Бровкин А.Н. и др. Анализ ассоциации полиморфных маркеров генов ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1 и ADIPOR2 с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2015; 18(2): 5-11.Алексеева Л.Л., Гольдфарб Л.Г., Самбуугин Х. и др. Анализ ассоциации полиморфного варианта гена адипонектина (ADIPOQ) с риском развития диабетической ретинопатии у якуток, больных сахарным диабетом типа 2. Вестник Северо-Восточного Федерального Университета имени М.К Аммосова. 2011; 8(3).Алексеева Л.Л., Гольдфарб Л.Г., Самбуугин Х. и др. Анализ ассоциации полиморфного варианта гена адипонектина (ADIPOQ) с риском развития диабетической ретинопатии у якуток, больных сахарным диабетом типа 2. Вестник Северо-Восточного Федерального Университета имени М.К Аммосова. 2011; 8(3).Ogundele O.E., Adekoya K.O., Osinubi A.A. et al. Association of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms with measures of obesity in Nigerian young adults. The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2018; 19: 123-127.Ogundele O.E., Adekoya K.O., Osinubi A.A. et al. Association of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms with measures of obesity in Nigerian young adults. The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2018; 19: 123-127.Fan W., Qu X., Li J., Wang X. Associations between polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene and hypertension risk: a systematic and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 41683. doi: 10.1038/srep41683.Fan W., Qu X., Li J., Wang X. Associations between polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene and hypertension risk: a systematic and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 41683. doi: 10.1038/srep41683.Kacso I.M., Trifa A.P., Popp R.A. Adiponectin gene 45T>G polymorphism is not associated to plasma adiponectin in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes from Romania. Revista Română de Medicină de Laborator. 2012; 20: 1/4.Kacso I.M., Trifa A.P., Popp R.A. Adiponectin gene 45T>G polymorphism is not associated to plasma adiponectin in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes from Romania. Revista Română de Medicină de Laborator. 2012; 20: 1/4.Berezina A., Belyaeva O., Berkovich O. et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genetic traits in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. BioMed Res. Int. 2015; 19: 9.Berezina A., Belyaeva O., Berkovich O. et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genetic traits in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. BioMed Res. Int. 2015; 19: 9.Menzaghi C., Ercolino T., Paola RD. et al. A haplotype at the adiponectin locus is associated with obesity and other features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes. 2002 Jul; 51(7): 2306-12.Menzaghi C., Ercolino T., Paola RD. et al. A haplotype at the adiponectin locus is associated with obesity and other features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes. 2002 Jul; 51(7): 2306-12.Guzman-Ornelas MO., Chavarria-Avila E., Munoz-Valle JF. et al. Association of ADIPOQ +45T > G polymorphism with body fat mass and blood levels of soluble adiponectin and inflammation markers in a Mexican-Mestizo population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012; 5: 369-378. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S35434.Guzman-Ornelas MO., Chavarria-Avila E., Munoz-Valle JF. et al. Association of ADIPOQ +45T > G polymorphism with body fat mass and blood levels of soluble adiponectin and inflammation markers in a Mexican-Mestizo population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012; 5: 369-378. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S35434.Prakash J., Mittal B., Awasthi S., Srivastava N. Association of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism with Adiponectin Levels And Risk for Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Int J Prev Med. 2015 Apr 8; 6:31. doi: 10.4103/2008-7802.154773.Prakash J., Mittal B., Awasthi S., Srivastava N. Association of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism with Adiponectin Levels And Risk for Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Int J Prev Med. 2015 Apr 8; 6:31. doi: 10.4103/2008-7802.154773.Siitonen N., Pulkkinen L., Lindström J. et al. Association of ADIPOQ gene variants with body weight, type 2 diabetes and serum adiponectin concentrations: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. BMC Med Genet. 2011 Jan 10; 12: 5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-5.Siitonen N., Pulkkinen L., Lindström J. et al. Association of ADIPOQ gene variants with body weight, type 2 diabetes and serum adiponectin concentrations: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. BMC Med Genet. 2011 Jan 10; 12: 5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-5.Li LL., Kang XL., Ran XJ. et al. Associations between 45T/G polymorphism of the adiponectin gene and plasma adiponectin levels with type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007 Dec; 34(12): 1287-90.Li LL., Kang XL., Ran XJ. et al. Associations between 45T/G polymorphism of the adiponectin gene and plasma adiponectin levels with type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007 Dec; 34(12): 1287-90.Jaziri R., Aubert R., Roussel R. et al. Association of ADIPOQ genetic variants and plasma adiponectin isoforms with the risk of incident renal events in type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Jul; 25(7): 2231-7.Jaziri R., Aubert R., Roussel R. et al. Association of ADIPOQ genetic variants and plasma adiponectin isoforms with the risk of incident renal events in type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Jul; 25(7): 2231-7.Foucan L., Ezourhi N., Maimaitiming S. et al. Adiponectin Multimers and ADIPOQ T45G in Coronary Artery Disease in Caribbean Type 2 Diabetic Subjects of African Descent. Obesity. 2010; 18: 1466-1468.Foucan L., Ezourhi N., Maimaitiming S. et al. Adiponectin Multimers and ADIPOQ T45G in Coronary Artery Disease in Caribbean Type 2 Diabetic Subjects of African Descent. Obesity. 2010; 18: 1466-1468.Zhang D., Ma J., Brismar K. et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism alters the sequence of SP1 binding site in the adiponectin promoter region and is associated with diabetic nephropathy among type 1 diabetic patients in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes Study. J Diabetes Complications. 2009 Jul-Aug; 23(4): 265-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.05.004.Zhang D., Ma J., Brismar K. et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism alters the sequence of SP1 binding site in the adiponectin promoter region and is associated with diabetic nephropathy among type 1 diabetic patients in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes Study. J Diabetes Complications. 2009 Jul-Aug; 23(4): 265-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.05.004.Divella R., Daniele A., Mazzocca A. et al. ADIPOQ rs266729 G/C gene polymorphism and plasmatic adipocytokines connect metabolic syndrome to colorectal cancer. J Cancer. 2017; 8(6): 1000-1008.Divella R., Daniele A., Mazzocca A. et al. ADIPOQ rs266729 G/C gene polymorphism and plasmatic adipocytokines connect metabolic syndrome to colorectal cancer. J Cancer. 2017; 8(6): 1000-1008.Karmelić I., Lovrić J., Božina T. et al. Adiponectin Level and Gene Variability Are Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in a Young Population. Arch Med Res. 2012 Feb; 43(2): 145-53. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.02.004.Karmelić I., Lovrić J., Božina T. et al. Adiponectin Level and Gene Variability Are Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in a Young Population. Arch Med Res. 2012 Feb; 43(2): 145-53. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.02.004.Du J., Ye Xh., Li Q. et al. Genetic variants in the ADIPOQ gene and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a case-control study of a Chinese Han population. Ann Hum Genet. 2012 Mar; 76(2):101-9.Du J., Ye Xh., Li Q. et al. Genetic variants in the ADIPOQ gene and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a case-control study of a Chinese Han population. Ann Hum Genet. 2012 Mar; 76(2):101-9.Roszkowska-Gancarz M., Bartoszewicz Z., Polosak J. et al. Total and high molecular weight adiponectin and level-modifying polymorphisms of ADIPOQ in centenarians. Endokrynol Pol. 2012; 63(6): 439-46.Roszkowska-Gancarz M., Bartoszewicz Z., Polosak J. et al. Total and high molecular weight adiponectin and level-modifying polymorphisms of ADIPOQ in centenarians. Endokrynol Pol. 2012; 63(6): 439-46.Lu Jf., Zhou Y., Huang Gh. et al. Association of ADIPOQ polymorphisms with obesity risk: A meta-analysis. Hum Immunol. 2014 Oct; 75(10): 1062-8. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.004.Lu Jf., Zhou Y., Huang Gh. et al. Association of ADIPOQ polymorphisms with obesity risk: A meta-analysis. Hum Immunol. 2014 Oct; 75(10): 1062-8. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.004.Lin CH., Ho CY., Liu CS. et al. Influence of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms on Adiponectin Serum Level and Insulin Resistance Index in Taiwanese Metabolic Syndrome Patients. Chinese Journal of Physiology. 2012; 55(6): 405-411. doi: 10.4077/cjp.2012.baa081.Lin CH., Ho CY., Liu CS. et al. Influence of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms on Adiponectin Serum Level and Insulin Resistance Index in Taiwanese Metabolic Syndrome Patients. Chinese Journal of Physiology. 2012; 55(6): 405-411. doi: 10.4077/cjp.2012.baa081.Zemlin A.E., Matsha T.E., Kengne A.P. et al. High molecular weight adiponectin levels are neither influenced by adiponectin polymorphisms nor associated with insulin resistance in mixed-ancestry hyperglycemic subjects from South Africa. J Med Biochem. 2016 Oct; 35(4): 416-427. doi: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0024.Zemlin A.E., Matsha T.E., Kengne A.P. et al. High molecular weight adiponectin levels are neither influenced by adiponectin polymorphisms nor associated with insulin resistance in mixed-ancestry hyperglycemic subjects from South Africa. J Med Biochem. 2016 Oct; 35(4): 416-427. doi: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0024.Romeroa J., Araujoc R., García A. ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 gene polymorphisms: Association with overweight/obesity in Mexican children. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2015; 72(1): 26-33.Romeroa J., Araujoc R., García A. ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 gene polymorphisms: Association with overweight/obesity in Mexican children. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2015; 72(1): 26-33.Larifla L., Rambhojan C., Joannes MO. Gene Polymorphisms of FABP2, ADIPOQ and ANP and Risk of Hypertriglyceridemia and Metabolic Syndrome in Afro-Caribbeans. PLoS One. 2016; 11(9): e0163421. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163421.Larifla L., Rambhojan C., Joannes MO. Gene Polymorphisms of FABP2, ADIPOQ and ANP and Risk of Hypertriglyceridemia and Metabolic Syndrome in Afro-Caribbeans. PLoS One. 2016; 11(9): e0163421. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163421.Curti M.L., Pires M.M., Barros C.R. et al. Associations of the TNF-alpha -308 G/A, IL6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G polymorphisms with inflammatory and metabolic responses to lifestyle intervention in Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012 Nov 24; 4(1): 49. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-49.Curti M.L., Pires M.M., Barros C.R. et al. Associations of the TNF-alpha -308 G/A, IL6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G polymorphisms with inflammatory and metabolic responses to lifestyle intervention in Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012 Nov 24; 4(1): 49. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-49.Корельская Н.А., Баженова Е.А., Березина А.В. и др. Полиморфизм rs9939609 генa, ассоциированного с количеством жировой массы и склонностью к ожирению (FTO), и метаболические нарушения у жителей Санкт-Петербурга. Вестник образования и развития науки Российской академии естественных наук. 2015; 1: 93-97.Корельская Н.А., Баженова Е.А., Березина А.В. и др. Полиморфизм rs9939609 генa, ассоциированного с количеством жировой массы и склонностью к ожирению (FTO), и метаболические нарушения у жителей Санкт-Петербурга. Вестник образования и развития науки Российской академии естественных наук. 2015; 1: 93-97.Kadowaki T., Yamauchi T., Waki H. et al. Adiponectin, Adiponectin Receptors, and Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2011; 76: 257-65. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2012.76.010587.Kadowaki T., Yamauchi T., Waki H. et al. Adiponectin, Adiponectin Receptors, and Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2011; 76: 257-65. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2012.76.010587.Kaur H., Badaruddoza B., Bains V., Kaur A. Genetic association of ADIPOQ gene variants (-3971A>G and +276G>T) with obesity and metabolic syndrome in North Indian Punjabi population. PLoS One. 2018 Sep 28; 13(9): e0204502. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204502.Kaur H., Badaruddoza B., Bains V., Kaur A. Genetic association of ADIPOQ gene variants (-3971A>G and +276G>T) with obesity and metabolic syndrome in North Indian Punjabi population. PLoS One. 2018 Sep 28; 13(9): e0204502. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204502.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.