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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2018.12.14-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-607</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты программы генотипирования больных фенилкетонурией и гиперфенилаланинемией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of genotyping program of PKU and HPA patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гундорова</surname><given-names>П. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gundorova</surname><given-names>P. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">p_gundorova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голихина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golihina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксянова</surname><given-names>Х. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksyanova</surname><given-names>H. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ненашева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nenasheva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курилова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurilova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алферова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alferova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буянова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buyanova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт - Краевая клиническая больница №1 имени профессора С.В. Очаповского» Министерства здравоохранения Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Scientific research institute - Regional clinical hospital №1 S.V. Ochapovsky» Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Нижегородской области «Нижегородская областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Самарской области «Областная клиническая больница им. В.Д. Середавина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital V.D. Seredavina</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Самарской области «Областная клиническая больница им. В.Д. Середавина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State budgetary health institution of the Samara region «Regional Clinical Hospital V.D. Seredavina»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Свердловской области «Клинико-диагностический центр «Охрана здоровья матери и ребенка»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State budgetary health institution in the Sverdlovsk region «Clinical and Diagnostic Center «Mother and Child Healthcare»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Пермского края «Краевая детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State budgetary health institution of the Perm region «Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Муниципальное автономное учреждение здравоохранения Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени городская клиническая больница №1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Municipal Autonomous Health Organization City Clinical Hospital №1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-9"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гундорова П..., Кузнецова И.А., Куцев С.И., Голихина Т.А., Аксянова Х.Ф., Ненашева С.А., Круглова О.В., Никитина Н.В., Курилова В.И., Алферова И.П., Буянова Г.В., Поляков А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гундорова П..., Кузнецова И.А., Куцев С.И., Голихина Т.А., Аксянова Х.Ф., Ненашева С.А., Круглова О.В., Никитина Н.В., Курилова В.И., Алферова И.П., Буянова Г.В., Поляков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gundorova P..., Kuznetsova I.A., Kutsev S.I., Golihina T.A., Aksyanova H.F., Nenasheva S.A., Kruglova O.V., Nikitina N.V., Kurilova V.I., Alferova I.P., Buyanova G.V., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/607">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/607</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение: Фенилкетонурия (ФКУ) - наследственное заболевание обмена веществ, возникающее из-за мутаций в гене PAH , входит в программу неонатального скрининга в РФ. Больным ФКУ необходимо пожизненно соблюдать диету с ограничением поступления естественного белка в организм для предотвращения развития клинических проявлений заболевания, основным из которых является задержка умственного и психического развития. Данные о генотипе пациентов с ФКУ позволяют предсказать их чувствительность к кофакторной терапии, позволяющей существенно расширить диету и улучшить качество жизни. Материалы и методы: Исследование проводилось в период с декабря 2016 по январь 2018 года в лаборатории ДНК-диагностики ФГБНУ «МГНЦ». Материал от 1254 неродственных пробандов исследован на наличие 25 частых мутаций гена PAH . Результаты: Патогенные варианты выявлены на 86,3% исследуемых хромосом. У 75,3% пациентов молекулярно-генетическими методами подтвержден диагноз «фенилкетонурия», вызванная мутациями в гене PAH . Только один патогенный вариант найден у 22,1% пробандов, у 2,6% не выявлено патогенных вариантов гена PAH . Определены аллельные частоты 25 частых мутаций гена PAH . Выявлены региональные различия в распространенности мутации R408W, а также тяжелых и мягких мутаций гена PAH . По результатам исследования, 56,9% больных не отвечают на терапию BH4, 21,8% - потенциально отвечают. Обсуждение: Исследуемая выборка является смещенной, но используя соотношение Харди-Вайнберга, можно рассчитать суммарную аллельную частоту исследуемых мутаций и частоту мутации R408W, и вычислить число пациентов с мутациями в генах синтеза и обмена BH4 и число гомозигот по R408W, не попавших в программу генотипирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Phenylketonuria (PKU) - a hereditary metabolic disease that arises from mutations in the PAH gene, the part of the program of neonatal screening in the Russian Federation. Patients with PKU need to follow a diet for life, limiting the intake of natural protein in the body to prevent the development of clinical manifestations of the disease, the main of which is a delay in mental development. Data on the genotype of patients with PKU make it possible to predict their sensitivity to the cofactor therapy, which allows to expand significantly the diet and improve the quality of life. Patients and methods: The study was conducted between December 2016 and January 2018 at the DNA Diagnostics Laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics». Material from 1254 unrelated probands was examined for the presence of 25 frequent mutations of the PAH gene. Results: Pathogenic variants are revealed on 86,3% of the investigated chromosomes. In 75.3% of patients, the diagnosis of «phenylketonuria» caused by mutations in the PAH gene was confirmed by molecular genetic methods. Only one pathogenic variant was found in 22.1% of probands, 2.6% did not reveal pathogenic variants of the PAH gene. The allelic frequencies of 25 frequent mutations of the PAH gene are determined. Regional differences in the prevalence of the R408W mutation, as well as the heavy and soft mutations of the PAH gene, are revealed. According to the results of the study, 56.9% of patients are «non-responders» to BH4 therapy, 21.8% - are potential «responders». Discussion: Using the Hardy-Weinberg ratio, we can calculate the total allelic frequency of 25 mutations and the frequency of R408W, calculate the number of patients with mutations in the BH4 synthesis and metabolism genes and the number of R408W homozygous patients not included in the genotyping program.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фенилаланингидроксилаза</kwd><kwd>тетрагидробиоптерин</kwd><kwd>сапроптерин</kwd><kwd>phenylalanine hydroxylase</kwd><kwd>tetrahydrobiopterin</kwd><kwd>sapropterin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Ahring K, et al. 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