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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2018.11.29-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-601</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпигенетическая модификация Х-сцепленных CNV в норме и патологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epigenetic modification of X-linked CNV in norm and pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачёва</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmacheva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Kate.tolmacheva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашеварова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashevarova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фонова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салюкова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saliukova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минайчева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaycheva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Затула</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zatula</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр РАН; Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Толмачёва Е.Н., Кашеварова А.А., Назаренко Л.П., Скрябин Н.А., Фонова Е.А., Беляева Е.О., Салюкова О.А., Минайчева Л.И., Павлова К.А., Затула Л.А., Лебедев И.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Толмачёва Е.Н., Кашеварова А.А., Назаренко Л.П., Скрябин Н.А., Фонова Е.А., Беляева Е.О., Салюкова О.А., Минайчева Л.И., Павлова К.А., Затула Л.А., Лебедев И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tolmacheva E.N., Kashevarova A.A., Nazarenko L.P., Skryabin N.A., Fonova E.A., Belyaeva E.O., Saliukova O.A., Minaycheva L.I., Pavlova K.A., Zatula L.A., Lebedev I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/601">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/601</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность: Процесс инактивации Х-хромосомы в женском организме происходит равновероятно, тогда как отклонения в сторону преимущественной инактивации одного из родительских гомологов могут свидетельствовать о наличии в нём мутаций и приводить к развитию наследственной патологии у потомства. Цель: Идентификация Х-сцепленных локусов, эпигенетические модификации которых могут компенсировать развитие патологического фенотипа. Материалы и методы: Обследовано 111 женщин с невынашиванием беременности и 47 женщин, не имеющих спонтанных абортов в анамнезе. С использованием метилчувствительной ПЦР и микроматричного хромосомного анализа проанализированы Х-сцепленные вариации в числе копий повторов ДНК (CNV) в лимфоцитах периферической крови женщин с экстремальным смещением инактивации Х-хромосомы. Результаты: Частота экстремального смещения Х-инактивации среди женщин с невынашиванием беременности и в контрольной группе составила 9 и 4% соответственно (p&gt;0,05). У 8 женщин с экстремальным смещением инактивации и невынашиванием беременности идентифицированы Х-сцепленные CNV в Xp11.23, Xp22.33, Xq24 и Xq28, а также проанализирован их генный состав. Показано, что большая часть идентифицированных СNV тем или иным образом связана с развитием Х-сцепленных форм умственной отсталости. Выводы: Эпигенетическая модификация Х-сцепленных CNV компенсирует их фенотипическое проявление у женщин-носительниц. В то же время, отсутствие компенсаторных эпигенетических модификаций может явиться фактором риска рождения ребенка с Х-сцепленной формой наследственной болезни или нарушения эмбрионального развития, несовместимого с живорождением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: The process of the X chromosome inactivation in females is random, while preferential inactivation of one of the parental homologues may indicate the presence of mutations in it and lead to the development of hereditary pathology in the offspring. Aim: Identification of X-linked loci the epigenetic modifications of which can compensate for the development of a pathological phenotype. Materials and methods: 111 women with miscarriage and 47 women with no history of spontaneous abortions were examined. Using methyl-sensitive PCR and array comparative genomic hybridization, X-linked copy number variations (CNV) were analyzed in blood lymphocytes of women with an extreme skewing of X chromosome inactivation. Results: The incidence of extreme skewing of X chromosome inactivation in women with miscarriage and in the control group was 9 and 4%, respectively (p&gt;0.05). In 8 women with an extreme skewing of inactivation and miscarriage X-linked CNVs at Xp11.23, Xp22.33, Xq24 and Xq28 were identified and their gene content was analyzed. It was shown that most of the identified CNVs were in one way or another associated with the development of X-linked forms of mental retardation. Conclusions: The epigenetic modification of X-linked CNVs compensates for their phenotypic manifestation in female carriers. At the same time, the absence of compensatory epigenetic/</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>асимметричная инактивация Х-хромосомы</kwd><kwd>СNV</kwd><kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd><kwd>skewed X-chromosome inactivation</kwd><kwd>CNV</kwd><kwd>miscarriage</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sui Y., Chen Q., Sun X. Association of skewed X chromosome inactivation and idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2015 Aug;31(2):140-148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sui Y., Chen Q., Sun X. Association of skewed X chromosome inactivation and idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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