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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2018.10.26-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-589</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенные мутации в генах TSC1 и TSC2 - частое событие при инсулиномах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenic mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes are frequent in insulinomas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аношкин</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anoshkin</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карандашева</surname><given-names>К. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karandasheva</surname><given-names>K. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танас</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanas</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бяхова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byakhova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуревич</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurevich</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долудин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doludin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багмет</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagmet</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатверян</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatveryan</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yegorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немцова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemtsova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Секачева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sekacheva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelnikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр», Москва, 115522, ул. Москворечье, д. 1; e-mail: anoshkiri@gmail.com</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, 115522, Moskvorechie st.1, e-mail: anoshkiri@gmail.com</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, 119991, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2; e-mail: sekachrab@mail.ru</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991, Trubetskaya st. 8, e-mail: sekachrab@mail.ru</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр», Москва, 115522, ул. Москворечье, д. 1; e-mail: anoshkiri@gmail.com$ ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, 117997, ул. Островитянова, д. 1; e-mail: vstrel@list.ru</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, 115522, Moskvorechie st.1, e-mail: anoshkiri@gmail.com</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского», Москва, 129110, ул. Щепкина 61/2: e-mail: biakhovamm@mail.ru</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State budgetary healthcare institution of the Moscow region «Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute. MF Vladimirsky», Moscow, Russian Federation, 129110, Shchepkina street 61/2: e-mail: biakhovamm@mail.ru</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского», Москва, 119991, ГСП-1, Абрикосовский пер., д.2; e-mail: gshatverian@mail.ru</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Russian Research Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky», Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991, Abrikosovsky lane house 2, e-mail: gshatverian@mail.ru</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, 119991, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2; e-mail: sekachrab@mail.ru</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Russian Research Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky», Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991, Abrikosovsky lane house 2, e-mail: gshatverian@mail.ru</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аношкин К.И., Васильев И.А., Карандашева К.О., Танас А.С., Бяхова М.М., Гуревич Л.Е., Долудин Ю.В., Багмет Н.Н., Шатверян Г.А., Егоров А.В., Немцова М.В., Секачева М.И., Стрельников В.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аношкин К.И., Васильев И.А., Карандашева К.О., Танас А.С., Бяхова М.М., Гуревич Л.Е., Долудин Ю.В., Багмет Н.Н., Шатверян Г.А., Егоров А.В., Немцова М.В., Секачева М.И., Стрельников В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anoshkin K.I., Vasiliev I.A., Karandasheva K.O., Tanas A.S., Byakhova M.M., Gurevich L.E., Doludin Y.V., Bagmet N.N., Shatveryan G.A., Yegorov A.V., Nemtsova M.V., Sekacheva M.I., Strelnikov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/589">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/589</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Инсулиномы - редкие (1-4 случаев на 1 млн человек) и, как правило, спорадические нейроэндокринные опухоли (НЭО) поджелудочной железы, проявляющиеся в основном гипогликемией, вызванной эндогенным гиперинсулинизмом. До сих пор проведены лишь единичные исследования геномов этих опухолей, и общепринятого представления об их этиопатогенезе на молекулярно-генетическом уровне не выработано. Гипотеза. В последнее время исследования в области медикаментозной терапии инсулином показали эффективность применения ингибитора протеинкиназы серин-треониновой специфичности mTOR - эверолимуса. Эверолимус известен как основной таргетный препарат для лечения туберозного склероза, ключевую роль в этиопатогенезе которого играют повреждения генов TSC1 и TSC2 . Мы предположили, что высокая терапевтическая эффективность эверолимуса в отношении инсулином по аналогии может быть обусловлена широкой вовлеченностью мутаций в генах TSC1 и TSC2 в развитие этих опухолей. Материалы и методы. Для проверки гипотезы нами проведено секвенирование генов TSC1 и TSC2 методом высокопроизводительного параллельного секвенирования экзонов и прилежащих к ним интронных участков для выявления точковых мутаций и потери гетерозиготности (ПГ) в 9 образцах инсулином поджелудочной железы. Результаты. В 9 образцах инсулином выявлено восемь точковых мутаций и семь событий потери гетерозиготности. В 4 случаях показано соответствие генотипа опухоли двухударной модели опухолеобразования (по два различных мутационных события в гене TSC2 ). В двух образцах обнаружены одновременно ПГ генов TSC1 и TSC2 . Лишь в одном случае не было зафиксировано ни точковых мутаций, ни ПГ в генах TSC1 или TSC2 . Выводы. Нами впервые показана высокая встречаемость мутаций в генах комплекса туберозного склероза в инсулиномах поджелудочной железы, что может говорить о вовлеченности повреждений белкового комплекса TSC1/TSC2 в развитие большинства опухолей этого типа. Дальнейшие исследования должны привести к более глубокому пониманию причин возникновения НЭО поджелудочной железы и к совершенствованию их лечения, в том числе ингибиторами mTOR.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Insulinomas are rare (1-4 cases per million people) and typically sporadic neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, manifesting mainly by hypoglycemia caused by endogenous hyperinsulinism. So far, only a few studies of the genomes of these tumors have been carried out, and a generally accepted idea of their etiopathogenesis at the molecular genetic level has not been developed. Hypothesis. Recently, studies in the field of insulinomas drug therapy have demonstrated the effectiveness of everolimus, an inhibitor of a protein kinase of the serine-threonine specificity mTOR. Everolimus is known as a targeted drug for the treatment of tuberous sclerosis, a key role in the etiopathogenesis of which is played by alterations of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes. We hypothesized that the high therapeutic efficacy of everolimus against insulinomas, by analogy, may be due to the pivotal involvement of mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes in the development of these tumors. Material and methods. To test the hypothesis, we performed NGS of exons and adjacent introns of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes in order to identify point mutations and losses of heterozygosity in 9 pancreatic insulinomas. Result. Totally in 9 samples we have identified eight point mutations and seven cases of loss of heterozygosity. In 4 samples, the tumor genotype corresponds to a two-hit tumorigenesis model (two different mutational events in the TSC2 gene). In two samples, losses of heterozygosity encompassing simultaneously the TSC1 and TSC2 genes were identified. In only one case, no point mutations nor losses of heterozygosity in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes were found. Conclusion. This is the first report of a high occurrence of mutations in the genes of the tuberous sclerosis complex in insulinomas of the pancreas, indicating possible involvement of the TSC1/TSC2 protein complex disruption in the development of most tumors of this type. Further research should lead to a deeper understanding of the causes of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and to the improvement of their treatment, including that with mTOR inhibitors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулинома</kwd><kwd>ген TSC1</kwd><kwd>ген TSC2</kwd><kwd>mTOR</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное параллельное секвенирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>nsulinoma</kwd><kwd>TSC1 gene</kwd><kwd>TSC2 gene</kwd><kwd>mTOR</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okabayashi, T., et al., Diagnosis and management of insulinoma. 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