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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2018.10.15-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-587</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерпретация клинически значимых вариаций числа копий ДНК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interpretation of pathogenic copy number variations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nvsh05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миньженкова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minzhenkova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр», г. Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Сentre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шилова Н.В., Миньженкова М.Е., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шилова Н.В., Миньженкова М.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shilova N.V., Minzhenkova M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/587">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/587</self-uri><abstract><p>Хромосомный микроматричный анализ (ХМА) все чаще является методом исследования первой линии в идентификации субмикроскопических и микроскопических, размером менее 5 млн п.н., вариаций числа копий ДНК (CNVs) у пациентов с недифференцированной умственной отсталостью, множественными врожденными аномалиями и/или пороками развития, а также при заболеваниях аутистического спектра. ХМА является эффективным методом выявления клинически значимых CNVs в виде делеций или дупликаций (трипликаций), однако не может предоставить информацию о числе и структуре хромосом, вовлеченных в перестройку. Метод стандартного кариотипирования в комбинации, если необходимо, с FISH-анализом дает возможность не только визуализировать метафазные хромосомы, но и установить механизм, приводящий к определенному хромосомному дисбалансу. Сведения о топографии и структуре хромосомного дисбаланса позволяют не только уточнить механизм его возникновения, но также важны и для медико-генетического консультирования семьи и выяснения характера перестройки - наследственной или de novo - с целью оценки повторного риска рождения ребенка с хромосомным дисбалансом. В представленном исследовании рассматриваются типы хромосомных перестроек, приводящих к возникновению CNVs, механизмы формирования хромосомного дисбаланса и обсуждается необходимость проведения дополнительных исследований по результатам ХМА у пациентов с задержкой психомоторного развития и множественными врожденными аномалиями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Сhromosomal microarray (CMA) testing is a first-tier test for patients with developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, or congenital anomalies. CMA has high diagnostic yield for those patients and can detect chromosomal aberrations of less than 5 Mb. However, copy number variations (CNVs) detected by CMA in the form of deletion and duplication (triplication) cannot always be visualized in the context of metaphase chromosomes and hence, the mechanism causing the chromosomal imbalance cannot be identified. In some cases further techniques are needed for detailed characterization of chromosomal abnormalities to understand the structure of the abnormalities. The only way to do this is by karyotyping of methaphase chromosomes, combined, if necessary with FISH. Identification of the underlying mechanism is required for genetic counseling purposes, for example for presenting an estimate of the recurrence risk to the patient’s parents. Follow-up studies after CMA in patients with developmental delay and/or congenital anomalies, suspected chromosome abnormalities leading to the formation of pathogenic CNVs and the mechanisms causing the chromosome imbalance are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клинически значимые CNVs</kwd><kwd>хромосомный микроматричный анализ</kwd><kwd>кариотипирование</kwd><kwd>FISH</kwd><kwd>двухсегментный хромосомный дисбаланс</kwd><kwd>односегментный хромосомный дисбаланс</kwd><kwd>хромосомные аномалии</kwd><kwd>патологическая мейотическая сегрегация</kwd><kwd>pathogenic CNVs</kwd><kwd>chromosomal microarray</kwd><kwd>karyotyping</kwd><kwd>FISH</kwd><kwd>double-segment chromosome imbalance</kwd><kwd>single-segment chromosome imbalance</kwd><kwd>chromosome abnormalities</kwd><kwd>meiotic malsegregation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller D, Adam M, Aradhya S. et al. 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