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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1234/XXXX-XXXX-2013-4-8-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДЕКАНАЛИЗАЦИЯ ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА ПРИ РАССЕЛЕНИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ЧЕЛОВЕКА: СВЯЗЬ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ В ГЕНАХ ИММУННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ С КЛИМАТО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИМИ ФАКТОРАМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DECANALIZATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE DURING THE DISPERSION OF MODERN HUMANS: THE RELATIONSHIPS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN IMMUNE SYSTEM GENES AND CLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канделария</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Candelaria</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кхо</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoo</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жанг</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочарова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочарова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laing</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайден</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hayden</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баккер</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Backer</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бьеррегаард</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bjerregaard</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линч</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lynch</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хагель</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hagel</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маск</surname><given-names>А. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musk</surname><given-names>A. W.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Битлз</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bittles</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голдблатт</surname><given-names>Дж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goldblatt</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ле Сёф</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Le Souef</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики СО РАМН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Medical Genetics SB RAMS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Школа педиатрии и детских болезней, Университет Западной Австралии, 6009 Перт, Австралия</institution><country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia</institution><country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики СО РАМН</institution><country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia</institution><country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университетский госпиталь Копенгагена, Биспебьерк Баке 23, 2400 Копенгаген, Дания</institution><country>Дания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark</institution><country>Denmark</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биомедицины, Центральный Университет Венесуэлы, Каракас, Венесуэла</institution><country>Венесуэла</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela</institution><country>Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Отдел респираторной медицины, Госпиталь сэра Чарьлза Гарднера, Перт, Австралия</institution><country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia</institution><country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр сравнительной геномики, Университет Мердока, Саут стрит, 6150 Перт, Австралия</institution><country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University South Street, 6150 Perth, Australia</institution><country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов В.А., Канделария П., Кхо C., Жанг Г., Трифонова Е.А., Симонова К.В., Бочарова А.В., Бочарова А.В., Хайден К., Баккер В., Бьеррегаард П., Линч И., Хагель И., Маск А.У., Битлз А., Голдблатт Д., Ле Сёф П., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов В.А., Канделария П., Кхо C., Жанг Г., Трифонова Е.А., Симонова К.В., Бочарова А.В., Бочарова А.В., Хайден К., Баккер В., Бьеррегаард П., Линч И., Хагель И., Маск А.У., Битлз А., Голдблатт Д., Ле Сёф П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov V.A., Candelaria P., Khoo S., Zhang G., Trifonova E.A., Simonova K.V., Bocharova A.V., Laing I.A., Hayden C., Backer V., Bjerregaard P., Lynch N., Hagel I., Musk A.W., Bittles A., Goldblatt J., Le Souef P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/45">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/45</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены данные о распределении в 15 мировых популяциях частот аллелей семи маркёров в генах, участвующих в клеточном иммунном ответе на паразитарные инфекции, поляризации иммунного ответа по ТЬ|2-пути и ассоциированных с атопическими и аллергическими фенотипами. Гены и популяции для исследования были выбраны исходя из гипотезы о сдвиге баланса иммунного ответа от Th2 к Th1 -типу по мере расселения современного человека из экваториальной Африки в регионы с умеренным и арктическим климатом под действием естественного отбора, обеспечивающего адаптацию популяций к новым условиям среды обитания. В настоящем исследовании выявлено систематические изменение частот аллелей, играющих роль в иммунном ответе и в воспалительных реакциях, в популяциях человека по мере расселения из Африки. Показано, что эти изменения связаны со сменой климато-географических условий среды обитания, опосредованы естественным отбором, имеют отношение к подверженности распространённым болезням, и могут быть объяснены с позиций гипотезы канализации/деканализации взаимоотношений генотип-среда под действием естественного отбора.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p> Allele frequencies of sevengenes contributing to cellular immune response to parasitic infections, polarization of immune response to Th2 type and associated with atopic and allergic phenotypes was studied in 15 World popu I ations. Selection of genes and populations under study was based on the hypothesis of a shift in preferential immune response balance from Th2 to Th1 type during migration of modern humans from equatorial Africa to moderate and arctic climate regions. It is suggested that this shift was due to natural selectionprocess of adapttion of populations to a new environment. We found the systematic change in frequencies of alleles involved in immune response and inflammatory reactions during the dispersion of human population from Africa. These changes may contribute to changes in a structure of common diseases and be explained by the hypothesis of canalization/decanalzation of geno-type-environment relationships occurring under the pressure of natural selection.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>естественный отбор</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>популяции человека</kwd><kwd>гипотеза деканализации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural selection</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>human populations</kwd><kwd>decanalization hypothesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа частично финансировалась ФЦП «Исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям развития науки и техники» (гос-контракт №11.519.11.2036. В.С.), ФЦП «Научные и научно-педагогические кадры инновационной России» (соглашение №8042, В.С.), Российским Фондом Фундаментальных Исследований (грант №12-04-00595a, В.С.), Австралийским исследовательским советом (ARC, П.Л.С.), Национальным советом Австралии по исследованиям в области здравоохранения и медицины (NHMRCA, П.Л.С.)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алтухов Ю.П. Генетические процессы в популяциях (3-е пе-рераб. и дополн. изд.). — М.: ИКЦ Академкнига, 2003. — 431 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алтухов Ю.П. Генетические процессы в популяциях (3-е пе-рераб. и дополн. изд.). — М.: ИКЦ Академкнига, 2003. — 431 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гончарова И.А., X. 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