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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2018.02.39-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-397</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние инактивации Х-хромосомы на фенотипические проявления транслокаций Х;аутосома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of X chromosome inactivation on phenotypic manifestations of translocations X;autosome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачёва</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmacheva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сеитова</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seitova</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суханова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhanova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемных</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremnykh</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Толмачёва Е.Н., Скрябин Н.А., Сеитова Г.Н., Суханова Н.Н., Черемных А.Д., Назаренко Л.П., Лебедев И.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Толмачёва Е.Н., Скрябин Н.А., Сеитова Г.Н., Суханова Н.Н., Черемных А.Д., Назаренко Л.П., Лебедев И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tolmacheva E.N., Skryabin N.A., Seitova G.N., Sukhanova N.N., Cheremnykh A.D., Nazarenko L.P., Lebedev I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/397">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/397</self-uri><abstract><p>Фенотипические проявления транслокаций Х;аутосома, в отличие от транслокаций аутосома;аутосома, часто зависят от нескольких факторов: расположения точек разрыва на обеих хромосомах и особенностей инактивации Х-хромосомы. Благодаря развитию молекулярно-цитогенетических и генетических методов в настоящее время мы можем более детально исследовать каждый конкретный случай таких транслокаций, что позволяет глубже понять причины проявления патологического фенотипа. Цель исследования - оценить влияние инактивации Х-хромосомы на клинические проявления различных транслокаций Х;аутосома. С использованием матричной сравнительной геномной гибридизации (aCGH, 8х60K, Agilent Technologies) и метилчувствительной ПЦР проанализированы хромосомные мутации и уточнены точки разрыва, а также оценен характер инактивации Х-хромосомы у трех пациенток женского пола с различными транслокациями X;аутосома. В случае несбалансированной транслокации 46,X,t(X;3)(p11.3;q21.3) инактивация Х-хромосомы оказывает протективное действие на фенотип, тогда как сбалансированная транслокация 46,X,t(X;9)(q22;q13) у второй пациентки проявляется тяжелыми клиническими симптомами вследствие возможной частичной функциональной моносомии хромосомы 9. Кроме того, на фенотип пациентки может оказывать влияние дополнительная микроделеция, выявленная в субсегменте 22q11.22 методом aCGH. И, наконец, в случае, когда в транслокации 46,X,t(X;10)(p22.2;q11.2) задействован дистальный район короткого плеча Х-хромосомы, процесс инактивации не связан с фенотипом пациента, так как регион Xp22.2 избегает инактивации. Для детального анализа фенотипических проявлений транслокаций Х;аутосома необходим комплексный подход, включающий цитогенетические, молекулярно-цитогенетические методы анализа структуры хромосом и анализ характера инактивации Х-хромосомы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phenotypic manifestations of X-chromosome;autosome translocations, in contrast to autosome;autosome translocations, often depend on several factors: the location of the break points on both chromosomes and the features of X-chromosome inactivation. Due to the development of molecular cytogenetic and genetic methods, at the present time we can investigate each specific case of such translocations in details, that allows us better understanding the causes of the pathological phenotype. The aim of the present study was evaluation the effect of the X-chromosome inactivation on the clinical manifestation of various X;autosome translocations. Break points and X-inactivation were assessed by array-CGH (8х60K, Agilent Technologies) and methyl-sensitive PCR at AR gene, espectively. Three cases of X;autosome translocations, the feature of X inactivation, and the clinical picture accompanying chromosomal rearrangement were analyzed. In the case of an unbalanced translocation 46,X,t(X;3)(p11.3;q21.3), the X-chromosome inactivation has a protective effect on the phenotype, whereas second patient with the balanced translocation 46,X,t(X;9)(q22;q13) exhibits severe clinical symptoms, possibly because of partial functional monosomy of the chromosome 9. Furthermore, the phenotype of the patient may be affected by the additional microdeletion that was found by aCGH at the 22q11.22. Finally, in the third case where the distal region of the short arm of the X chromosome is involved in the translocation 46,X,t(X;10)(p22.2;q11.2), the inactivation process is not associated with the patient phenotype, since the Xp22.2 region escape inactivation. For a detailed analysis of the phenotypic manifestations of the X;autosome translocations complex investigation with various molecular diagnostic methods is required, including cytogenetic, molecular cytogenetic methods for analyzing the structure of rearranged chromosomes, and the analysis of the X chromosome inactivation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транслокация Х</kwd><kwd>аутосома</kwd><kwd>инактивация Х-хромосомы</kwd><kwd>X</kwd><kwd>autosome translocation</kwd><kwd>X-chromosome inactivation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt M., Du Sart D. Functional disomies of the X chromosome influence the cell selection and hence the X inactivation pattern in females with balanced X-autosome translocations: a review of 122 cases // Am J Med Genet. 1992. V. 42. № 2. 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