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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2018.01.50-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-383</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неслучайное распределение кариотипов эмбрионов у женщин с привычным невынашиванием беременности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-random distribution of embryonic kariotypes in women with recurrent pregnancy losses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">t.nikitina@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жигалина</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhigalina</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саженова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazhenova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmacheva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Tomsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитина Т.В., Жигалина Д.И., Саженова Е.А., Толмачева Е.Н., Скрябин Н.А., Лебедев И.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитина Т.В., Жигалина Д.И., Саженова Е.А., Толмачева Е.Н., Скрябин Н.А., Лебедев И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitina T.V., Zhigalina D.I., Sazhenova E.A., Tolmacheva E.N., Skryabin N.A., Lebedev I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/383">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/383</self-uri><abstract><p>Привычное невынашивание беременности (ПНБ) - это потеря двух и более беременностей подряд, затрагивающая до 5% супружеских пар в популяции. Средняя частота хромосомных аномалий у спонтанных абортусов человека составляет около 50%, и если считать возникновение хромосомных аномалий случайным событием, то, независимо от кариотипа первого выкидыша, последующий в половине случаев должен быть цитогенетически нормальным. Целью данной работы было определить, существует ли закономерная повторяемость хромосомной конституции у спонтанных абортусов от одной супружеской пары. Прокариотипировано 108 случаев повторной гибели эмбриона в 51 семье. Кариотип абортусов был получен с использованием комбинации нескольких методов: стандартного цитогенетического анализа, сравнительной геномной гибридизации (CGH), флуоресцентной гибридизации in situ (FISH) и сравнительной геномной гибридизации на микрочипах (aCGH) (73, 29, 3 и 3 образца соответственно). Среди обследованных женщин 35% (18/51) были здоровы, а 59% (30/51) имели заболевания женской половой сферы, ассоциированные с ПНБ. Отношение шансов (OR) потери второго эмбриона с таким же кариотипом (нормальным или аномальным), как и у первого абортуса, составило 6,98 (95% CI: 2,04-23,88; p = 0,0013). У 19 женщин из 51 (37%) все погибшие зародыши были с нормальным кариотипом, причем у 7 из этих женщин не было выявлено патологии, обусловливающей невынашивание беременности. Оба выкидыша с аномалиями кариотипа имели 35% (18/51) женщин, из них у 6 женщин аномалии эмбрионов представляли собой повторные трисомии по различным хромосомам (гетеротрисомии), еще в одной семье оба абортуса имели трисомию 16. Одиннадцать случаев повторной гибели эмбрионов оказались сочетанием различных типов аномалий. Средний возраст женщин с двумя трисомными выкидышами оказался выше, чем у женщин с двумя выкидышами с различными типами аномалий (33,1 ± 3,45 и 28,7 ± 5,78 года соответственно, p = 0,025). Вероятность того, что последующий абортус будет иметь такой же кариотип (нормальный или аномальный), что и предыдущий, повышена. Повторные выкидыши с нормальным кариотипом могут быть обусловлены наличием у женщин этиологических факторов невынашивания, не диагностируемых стандартными методами обследования. Некоторые пациентки с повторными трисомиями абортусов, возможно, имеют более высокий риск хромосомного нерасхождения, чем другие женщины в том же возрасте. Сочетание у абортусов от одной женщины аберраций различных типов скорее всего случайно: маловероятно, чтобы наличие конкретного типа аномалии могло быть связано с повышенным риском возникновения другого типа аномалий, так как их формирование обусловлено различными механизмами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Recurrent pregnancy losses is the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies, it affects up to 5% of couples in the population. The average frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in human spontaneous abortions is about 50%, and if the chromosomal abnormalities are random events, the subsequent abortion should be cytogenetically normal in half of the cases, regardless of the karyotype of the previous miscarriage. The aim of this study was to determine is there a regular occurrence of the chromosome constitution in spontaneous abortions from the same woman. Materials and methods. A total of 108 cases of recurrent embryonic death in 51 families were studied. The karyotype of abortion was obtained using a combination of methods: standard cytogenetic analysis (73), CGH (29), FISH and aCGH (3 samples each). 35% (18/51) of women were healthy, 59% (30/51) had diseases associated with miscarriage. Results. The odds ratio (OR) of the loss of the second embryo with the same karyotype (normal or abnormal), as in the first abortion, was 6.98 (95% CI: 2.04-23.88, p = 0.0013). In 19 women from 51 (37%), all the dead embryos had normal karyotypes, and 7 of these women did not have a pathology that caused miscarriage. Among women with RM 35% (18/51) had both miscarriages with abnormal karyotypes. Of these, in 6 women, embryo anomalies were repeated trisomy of different chromosomes (heterotrisomies), in one family both abortions had trisomy 16. Eleven cases of repeated death of embryos proved to be a combination of different types of anomalies. The average age of women with two trisomic miscarriages was higher than in women with miscarriages with different types of anomalies (33.1 ± 3.45 and 28.7 ± 5.78 years, respectively, p = 0.025). Conclusions. The likelihood for subsequent abortion to be of the same karyotype (normal or abnormal), as the previous one, is increased. Repeated miscarriages with normal karyotypes may be due to the women’s etiological factors of miscarriage that were not diagnosed by standard survey methods. Some patients with recurrent trisomic abortions may have an increased risk of chromosomal nondisjunction than other women at the same age. The combination of abortions with different types of abnormalities from one woman is most likely random: it is unlikely that the presence of a specific type of anomaly could be associated with an increased risk of another type of anomaly, because different mechanisms are involved in their formation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd><kwd>абортусы</kwd><kwd>цитогенетика</kwd><kwd>recurrent pregnancy losses</kwd><kwd>spontaneous abortions</kwd><kwd>cytogenetics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина ТВ, Лебедев ИН. Цитогенетика привычного невынашивания беременности. Генетика. 2014;50(5): 501-514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Никитина ТВ, Лебедев ИН. 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