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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-352</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спонтанная хромосомная нестабильность в клетках с кольцевой хромосомой как основа хромосомной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spontaneous chromosomal instability in cells with a ring chromosome as the basis for chromosomal therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашеварова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashevarova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">anna.kashevarova@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гергерт</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gergert</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мензоров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menzorov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гридина</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridina</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопаткина</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatkina</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmacheva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серов</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serov</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Краевое государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Диагностический центр Алтайского края»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Diagnostic Center of the Altai Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Алтайский Краевой Клинический Перинатальный центр «Дар»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Altai Regional Clinical Perinatal Center "Dar"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кашеварова А.А., Беляева Е.О., Никонов А.М., Плотникова О.В., Гергерт И.Г., Никитина Т.В., Скрябин Н.А., Мензоров А.Г., Гридина М.М., Васильев С.А., Лопаткина М.Е., Савченко Р.Р., Чурилова А.В., Толмачева Е.Н., Серов О.Л., Назаренко Л.П., Лебедев И.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кашеварова А.А., Беляева Е.О., Никонов А.М., Плотникова О.В., Гергерт И.Г., Никитина Т.В., Скрябин Н.А., Мензоров А.Г., Гридина М.М., Васильев С.А., Лопаткина М.Е., Савченко Р.Р., Чурилова А.В., Толмачева Е.Н., Серов О.Л., Назаренко Л.П., Лебедев И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kashevarova A.A., Belyaeva E.O., Nikonov A.M., Plotnikova O.V., Gergert I.G., Nikitina T.V., Skryabin N.A., Menzorov A.G., Gridina M.M., Vasilyev S.A., Lopatkina M.E., Savchenko R.R., Churilova A.V., Tolmacheva E.N., Serov O.L., Nazarenko L.P., Lebedev I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/352">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/352</self-uri><abstract><p>Протяженные хромосомные аберрации часто являются причиной задержки психомоторного развития, интеллектуальных нарушений и врожденных пороков развития. Несмотря на высокую частоту мутаций, вовлекающих, как правило, нескольких генов, а также большое разнообразие самих хромосомных аномалий, в настоящее время не существует способов эффективного лечения таких пациентов. Цель - изучение спонтанной хромосомной нестабильности у пациентов с кольцевыми хромосомами в дифференцированных и индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клетках (ИПСК). У пациентов с интеллектуальными нарушениями и аномалиями развития в ходе стандартного кариотипирования выявлены кольцевые хромосомы 13 и 22. С использованием микрочипов Agilent 860K в кариотипе пробандов идентифицирован ряд дополнительных хромосомных мутаций. ИПСК получены путем экзогенной экспрессии транскрипционных факторов (KLF4, OCT4, SOX2 и с-MYC человека) из фибробластов кожи. У пациентов идентифицированы терминальные делеции 13q34 и 22q13.32-q13.33, обусловившие образование кольцевых хромосом 13 и 22, соответственно. Методом FISH-анализа подтверждено наличие кольцевых хромосом и установлено, что доля лимфоцитов с моносомией по хромосоме 13 составила 47%, по хромосоме 22 - 8%. На первом пассаже 50% и 24% фибробластов оказались моносомными по хромосомам 13 и 22 соответственно. На 9 пассаже зарегистрировано 56% фибробластов с моносомией по хромосоме 13. Среди лимфоцитов и фибробластов на 9 пассаже 1,8% и 1% клеток соответственно имели нормальный кариотип. К 33 пассажу число фибробластов с моносомией по хромосоме 22 достигло 44% и статистически значимо превысило исходный уровень (р&lt;0,05). Доля ИПСК, моносомных по хромосоме 22, варьировала в пределах 6,3-17% для разных клонов. Наличие моносомных клеток у пациентов с кольцевой хромосомой указывает на хромосомную нестабильность уже in vivo . In vitro наблюдается статистически значимое увеличение числа клеток с моносомией по хромосоме 22. Клетки с нормальным кариотипом могут являться свидетельством процессов коррекции хромосомного дефекта, что лежит в основе начинающей разрабатываться так называемой «хромосомной терапии» генетических заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Extensive chromosomal aberrations are often associated with psychomotor development delay, intellectual disability, and congenital malformations. Despite the high frequency of mutations and due to the involvement, as a rule, of several genes, as well as the wide variety of chromosomal abnormalities themselves, there are currently no ways to effectively treat such patients. Aim: To study spontaneous chromosomal instability in patients with ring chromosomes in differentiated and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Materials and methods: In patients with intellectual disability and developmental abnormalities, ring chromosomes 13 and 22 were identified during standard karyotyping. A number of additional chromosomal mutations in their karyotype were identified using Agilent 860K microarrays. FISH analysis confirmed ring chromosomes and found mosaicism for them in lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and iPSCs of the patients. iPSCs were obtained from skin fibroblasts by exogenous expression of transcription factors (KLF4, OCT4, SOX2, and human c-MYC). Results: Terminal 13q34 and 22q13.32-q13.33 deletions were identified in patients, resulting in the formation of ring chromosomes 13 and 22, respectively. FISH analysis confirmed the presence of ring chromosomes and found that 47% and 8% of lymphocytes of the patients had monosomies 13 and 22, respectively. At the first passage 50% and 24% of the fibroblasts were monosomic for chromosomes 13 and 22, respectively. On the 9th passage 56% of fibroblasts demonstrated monosomy 13. Among the lymphocytes and fibroblasts at the 9th passage, 1.8% and 1% of the cells, respectively, had a normal karyotype. By the 33rd passage, the number of fibroblasts with monosomy 22 reached 44% and statistically significantly exceeded the initial level ( P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of iPSC monosomic for chromosome 22 varied between 6.3-17% for different clones. Conclusion: The presence of monosomic cells in patients with a ring chromosome indicates chromosomal instability already in vivo. In vitro a statistically significant increase in the number of cells with monosomy 22 is observed. Cells with normal karyotype can be evidence of chromosomal defect correction processes, which are the basis of the chromosomal therapy of genetic diseases that is beginning to be developed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интеллектуальные расстройства</kwd><kwd>кольцевые хромосомы</kwd><kwd>индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>хромосомная нестабильность</kwd><kwd>хромосомная терапия</kwd><kwd>intellectual disability</kwd><kwd>ring chromosomes</kwd><kwd>induced pluripotent stem cells</kwd><kwd>chromosomal instability</kwd><kwd>chromosomal therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan MA, Khan S, Windpassinger C et al. The Molecular Genetics of Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Intellectual Disability: a Mutational Continuum and Future Recommendations. 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