<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2026.05.33-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование структуры браков в популяциях Азербайджана и Памира:  медико-генетические аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Study of the Marriage Structure in Populations of Azerbaijan and the Pamir:   Medical and Genetic Aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спицына</surname><given-names>Н. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spitsyna</surname><given-names>N. Кh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119334, г. Москва, Россия, Ленинский проспект, д. 32а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>32a Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow,  119334</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nailya.47@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балинова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balinova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, Россия, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Moskvorechye str., Moscow, 1115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Ордена Дружбы народов Институт этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спицына Н.Х., Балинова Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спицына Н.Х., Балинова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spitsyna N.К., Balinova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3452">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3452</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты изучения структуры браков в популяциях Азербайджана и Памира. Приведен сравнительный анализ параметров воспроизводства в родственных и неродственных браках. В селе Абдал, Агдамского р-на Азербайджана, выявлено 109 родственных браков (27,5% от общего числа), величина коэффициента генеалогического инбридинга F=5,9%. У рушанцев с. Пастхуф, Рушанского р-на, ГБАО, Таджикистан, расположенного на высоте 2000 м. над уровнем моря, из 102 семей 16 были родственными. Коэффициент инбридинга F=5,9%. В Хуфе (высота 3000 м.) из 101 семьи 30 родственные, F=5,4%. В Мургабе, Мургабский р-н, ГБАО, Таджикистан (высота 3800 м. – 4200 м.) из 179 семей киргизов инбредны 8, соответственно значение инбридинга F= 0,56%. Во всех исследованных популяциях в семьях, завершивших репродукцию, выявлена сходная тенденция. В пострепродуктивных возрастных когортах женщин среднее число рождений, живых детей, приходящихся на одну женщину, в родственных браках достоверно выше (р&lt;0,05), чем неродственных браках. В популяции Абдал в инбредных семьях выявлена картина повышенного темпа рождаемости, среднего числа детей и сравнительно более высокий уровень репродуктивных потерь. Совокупность представленной информации позволяет прийти к заключению о сложности и неоднозначности роли инбридинга в популяциях человека: в популяциях действуют одновременно обе противоположные тенденции и от их соотношения между собой зависит итоговое воздействие на процессы воспроизводства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of a study on the structure of marriages in populations of Azerbaijan and the Pamirs. A comparative analysis of reproduction parameters in consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages is provided. In the village of Abdal, Agdam district, Azerbaijan, 109 consanguineous marriages were identified (27.5% of the total number of marriages), with a genealogical inbreeding coefficient of F = 5.9%. Among the Rushan people of the village of Pastkhuf, Rushan district, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast, Tajikistan, located at an altitude of 2000 m above sea level, 16 out of 102 families were consanguineous. The inbreeding coefficient was</p><p>F = 5.9%. In Khuf (altitude 3000 m), 30 out of 101 families were consanguineous, with F = 5.4%. In Murghab, Murghab district, GornoBadakhshan Autonomous Oblast, Tajikistan (altitude 3800 m – 4200 m), 8 out of 179 Kyrgyz families were inbred, corresponding to an inbreeding value of F = 0.56%. In all studied populations, a similar trend was observed in families that had completed reproduction. In the post-reproductive age cohorts of women, the average number of births and the number of living children per woman were significantly higher in consanguineous marriages (p &lt; 0.05) than in non-consanguineous marriages. In the population of Abdal, inbred families showed a pattern of increased birth rate, a higher average number of children, and a comparatively higher level of reproductive losses. The totality of the presented information allows us to conclude that the role of inbreeding in human populations is complex and ambiguous; the net effect on reproductive processes in a population depends on the simultaneous action of opposing tendencies and their interrelationship.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>популяция</kwd><kwd>кровное родство</kwd><kwd>родственные браки</kwd><kwd>рождаемость</kwd><kwd>инбридинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>consanguinity</kwd><kwd>consanguineous marriages</kwd><kwd>birth rate</kwd><kwd>inbreeding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ для  ФГБНУ «МГНЦ» и ФГБУН ИЭА РАН по теме: Закономерности популяционной дифференциации человечества в пространстве и времени  (рук. д.и.н. С.В. Васильев).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out under a state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the Research Centre for Medical Genetics” and the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Штерн К. Основы генетики человека. Москва: Медицина; 1965. 690 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shtern K. Osnovy genetiki cheloveka [Fundamentals of Human Genetics]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1965. 690 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz-Coce R. Consanguinidad parental en una poblacion hospitalizada. Rev Med Chil. 1965;93:583-587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz-Coce R. Consanguinidad parental en una poblacion hospitalizada. Rev Med Chil. 1965;93:583-587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спицына Н.Х. Проблемы исторической генетики. Москва: ИЭА РАН; 1993. 236 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spitsyna N.Kh.  Problemy istoricheskoy genetiki [Problems of Historical Genetics].   Moscow: IEA RAN; 1993. 236 p. (In Russ/)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харрисон Дж., Уайнер Дж., Теннер Дж. и др. Биология человека. Москва; 1979. 611 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharrison D., Uayner D., Tenner D., et al. Biologiya cheloveka [Human biology]. Moscow; 1979. 611 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emery A.E.H. Methodology in Medical Genetics: An Introduction to Statistical Methods. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, New York; 1986. 197 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emery A.E.H. Methodology in Medical Genetics: An Introduction to Statistical Methods. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, New York; 1986. 197 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева Г.М. Традиционная система воспроизводства нганасан (проблемы репродукции обособленных популяций). Москва; 1990. 871 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanaseva G.M. Traditsionnaya sistema vosproizvodstva nganasan (problemy reproduktsii obosoblennykh populyatsiy) [Traditional system of reproduction of Nganasans (problems of reproduction of isolated populations)]. Moscow; 1990. 871 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинтер Е.К., Ревазов А.А., Краснопольская К.Д., и др. Медикогенетическое изучение населения Туркмении. Сообщение 1. Наследственная патология в пяти районах Ашхабадской области. Генетика. 1980;16(8):1487-1494.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginter E.K., Revazov A.A., Krasnopolskaya K.D., et al. Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniya Turkmenii. Soobshchenie 1. Nasledstvennaya patologiya v pyati rayonakh Ashkhabadskoy oblasti [Medical and genetic study of the population of Turkmenistan. Report 1. Hereditary pathology in five districts of the Ashgabat region]. Genetika [Genetics]. 1980;16(8):1487-1494. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинтер Е.К., Ревазов А.А., Краснопольская К.Д., и др. Медикогенетическое изучение населения Туркмении. Сообщение 2. Изучение распространения наследственной патологии в пяти районах Ташаузской области. Генетика. 1982;18(6):1018-1023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginter E.K., Revazov A.A., Krasnopolskaya K.D., et al. Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniya Turkmenii. Soobshchenie 2. Izuchenie rasprostraneniya nasledstvennoy patologii v pyati rayonakh Tashauzskoy oblasti [Medical and genetic study of the population of Turkmenistan. Report 2. Study of the spread of hereditary pathology in five districts of the Tashauz region]. Genetika [Genetics]. 1982;18(6):1018-1023. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинтер Е.К., Тураева Ш.М., Ревазов А.А., и др. Медикогенетическое изучение населения Туркмении. Сообщение 3. Наследственная патология у туркмен-нохурли. Генетика. 1983;19:1344-1352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginter E.K., Turaeva Sh.M., Revazov A.A., et al. Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniya Turkmenii. Soobshchenie 3. Nasledstvennaya patologiya u turkmen-nokhurli [Medical and genetic study of the population of Turkmenistan. Report 3. Hereditary pathology in the Nokhurli Turkmen]. Genetika [Genetics]. 1983;19:1344-1352. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинтер Е.К., Будагова К.А., Ревазов А.А., и др. Медикогенетическое изучение населения Узбекистана. Сообщение 4: Территориальное распределение наследственных болезней в населении четырех районов Хорезмской области и его отягощенность наследственной патологией. Генетика. 1986;22(2):312-321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginter E.K., Budagova K.A., Revazov A.A., et al. Mediko-geneticheskoe izuchenie naseleniya Uzbekistana. Soobshchenie 4: Territorialnoe raspredelenie nasledstvennykh bolezney v naselenii chetyrekh rayonov Khorezmskoy oblasti i ego otyagoshchennost nasledstvennoy patologiey [Medical and genetic study of the population of Uzbekistan. Report 4: Spatial distribution of hereditary diseases in the population of four districts of the Khorezm region and its burden of hereditary pathology]. Genetika [Genetics]. 1986;22(2):312-321. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинтер Е.К. Медицинская генетика. Москва: Медицина; 2003. 448 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginter E.K.. Meditsinskaya genetika [Medical genetics]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2003. 448 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бочков Н.П., Захаров А.Ф., Иванов В.И. Медицинская генетика. Москва: Медицина; 1984. 368 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bochkov N.P., Zakharov A.F., Ivanov V.I. Meditsinskaya genetika [Medical genetics]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1984. 368 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куандыков Е.У., Святова Г.С., Михайличенко Н.П. Исход беременности и оценка состояния здоровья новорожденных в различных типах браков. В кн.: Факторы риска акушерской и гинекологической патологии. Алма-Ата; 1988. с. 69-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuandykov E.U., Svyatova G.S., Mikhaylichenko N.P. Iskhod beremennosti i otsenka sostoyaniya zdorovya novorozhdennykh v razlichnykh tipakh brakov. In: Faktory riska akusherskoy i ginekologicheskoy patologii [Pregnancy outcome and assessment of newborn health in different types of marriages. In: Risk factors for obstetric and gynecological pathology]. Alma-Ata; 1988: 69-74. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parmar D., Sengupta L.K. Inbreeding and its clinical consequences: a brief review with special reference to India. Bionature. 1990;10(1-2):61-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parmar D., Sengupta L.K. Inbreeding and its clinical consequences: a brief review with special reference to India. Bionature. 1990;10(12):61-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crawford M.H., Workman P.L.. Methods and Theories of Anthropological Genetics. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; 1973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crawford M.H., Workman P.L.. Methods and Theories of Anthropological Genetics. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; 1973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crow JF, Mange AP. Measurement of inbreeding from the frequency of marriages between persons of the same surname. Eugen Q. 1965;12(4):199-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crow JF, Mange AP. Measurement of inbreeding from the frequency of marriages between persons of the same surname. Eugen Q. 1965;12(4):199-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright S. Coefficient of inbreeding and relationship. Am Nat. 1922;56:330-338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright S. Coefficient of inbreeding and relationship. Am Nat. 1922;56:330-338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morton N.E., Lalouel J.M. Bioassay of kinship in Micronesia. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1973;38(3):709-720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morton N.E., Lalouel J.M. Bioassay of kinship in Micronesia. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1973;38(3):709-720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадошникова М.Ю., Голубцов В.И., Ельчинова Г.И., и др. Брачно-миграционная структура и коэффициент инбридинга в адыгейской популяции. Генетика. 1991;27(2):327-334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadoshnikova M.Yu., Golubtsov V.I., Elchinova G.I., et al. Brachno-migratsionnaya struktura i koeffitsient inbridinga v adygeyskoy populyatsii [Marriage and migration structure and inbreeding coefficient in the Adyghe population]. Genetika [Genetics]. 1991;27(2):327-334. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павленко А.П., Спицына Н.Х. Традиционная брачная система азербайджанцев и долгожительство. В кн.: Долгожительство в Азербайджане. Москва: Наука; 1989. с. 73-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko A.P., Spitsyna N.Kh. Traditsionnaya brachnaya sistema azerbaydzhantsev i dolgozhitelstvo. In: Dolgozhitelstvo v Azerbaydzhane [The traditional marriage system of Azerbaijanis and longevity. In: Longevity in Azerbaijan]. Moscow: Nauka; 1989. p. 73-80. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schull W.J., Furusho T., Yamamoto M. The effects of parental inbreeding in Hirado, Japan. IV. Fertility and reproductive compensation. Hum Genet. 1970;9:294-315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schull W.J., Furusho T., Yamamoto M. The effects of parental inbreeding in Hirado, Japan. IV. Fertility and reproductive compensation. Hum Genet. 1970;9:294-315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao P.S.S., Inbaraj S.G. Inbreeding effects on fertility and sterility in Southern India. J Med Genet. 1979;16:24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao P.S.S., Inbaraj S.G. Inbreeding effects on fertility and sterility in Southern India. J Med Genet. 1979;16:24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фогель Ф., Мотульски А. Генетика человека. Т. 2. Москва; 1990. 378 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogel F, Motulsky A. Genetika cheloveka. Tom. 2 [Human Genetics. Vol. 2]. Moscow; 1990. 378 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schull W.J., Neel J.V. The effects of parental consanguinity and inbreeding in Hirado, Japan. V. Summary and interpretation. Am J Hum Genet. 1972;24:425-455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schull W.J., Neel J.V. The effects of parental consanguinity and inbreeding in Hirado, Japan. V. Summary and interpretation. Am J Hum Genet. 1972;24:425-455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
