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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-345</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы, влияющие на эффективность CRISPR/Cas9 для коррекции мутации F508del при муковисцидозе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influencing factors for CRISPR/Cas9 efficacy for F508del mutation editing in cystic fibrosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнихина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnikhina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">smirnikhinas@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Банников</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bannikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анучина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anuchina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин-Никитский</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin-Nikitsky</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адильгереева</surname><given-names>Э. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adilgereeva</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр; Московский физико-технический институт (государственный университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics; he Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнихина С.А., Банников А.В., Анучина А.А., Кочергин-Никитский К.С., Адильгереева Э.П., Лавров А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнихина С.А., Банников А.В., Анучина А.А., Кочергин-Никитский К.С., Адильгереева Э.П., Лавров А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnikhina S.A., Bannikov A.V., Anuchina A.A., Kochergin-Nikitsky K.S., Adilgereeva E.P., Lavrov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/345">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/345</self-uri><abstract><p>Симптоматическое и патогенетическое лечение муковисцидоза позволило увеличить продолжительность жизни пациентов до 30 лет, однако заболевание до сих пор остается неизлечимым. Технологии генной терапии, основанные на использовании специфических нуклеаз, открывают новые возможности в разработке этиотропной терапии наследственных заболеваний. Наиболее широко используемым методом геномного редактирования является CRISPR/Cas9. Цель работы: сравнение эффективности редактирования гена CFTR с использованием разных направляющих РНК (sgRNA), подобранных для коррекции мутации F508del, и повышение их активности. В работе использовали модифицированную spCas9 (eSpCas9) и две sgRNA, подобранные на последовательность гена CFTR : sgCFTR#1 - непосредственно на мутацию F508del, sgCFTR#2 - за 14 нуклеотидов от мутации в 5’-области. В качестве контроля работы нуклеазы использовали sgGFP, подобранную на последовательность гена GFP . Матрицей для sgCFTR#1 и #2 выступала плазмида pGEM-TA-CFTR с частью гена CFTR с мутацией F508del, ко-трансфицированная с плазмидой для CRISPR/Cas9, для sgGFP - плазмида pEGFP-C1. На культуре HEK293T показано, что sgCFTR#1 имеет наименьшую эффективность среди используемых sgRNA - количество инсерций/делеций (инделов) при T7E1 анализе составило 6,37-20,82%; уровень экспрессии sgCFTR#1 после трансфекции ниже, чем sgGFP, продемонстрировавшей наибольшую активность - до 65% инделов. Добавление G-квадруплексов в последовательность sgCFTR#1 и sgGFP для повышения их стабильности привело к уменьшению их экспрессии и активности. Культивирование трансфицированных клеток при более низкой температуре (24 часа при 37°С, затем 48 часов при 30°С) привело к двукратному снижению активности sgCFTR#1, не изменив при этом активность sgGFP. Таким образом, в работе получена прямая взаимосвязь между экспрессией направляющей РНК и ее активностью, однако экспрессию sgCFTR#1 и эффективность ее работы повысить не удалось. Необходимо предпринимать дальнейшие попытки усиления экспрессии sgCFTR#1 и ее стабилизации, либо использовать другие Cas9, расширяющие возможности подбора направляющих РНК на мутацию F508del.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment of cystic fibrosis allowed to increase patients’ lifespan up to 30 years, but disease is still incurable. New gene therapy technologies based on the use of specific nucleases open up new opportunities in development of etiology-based therapy for hereditary diseases. Among these methods CRISPR/Cas9 is the most widely used approach for genome editing. The aim of the study is to compare correction efficacy of CFTR gene by Cas9 with different guide RNAs (sgRNAs), designed to F508del mutation, and to increase their activity. We used modified spCas9 (eSpCas9) and two sgRNAs designed to CFTR gene: sgCFTR#1 - directly to the F508del mutation and sgCFTR#2 - 14 nucleotides 5’-upstream from the mutation. SgGFP designed to GFP gene was used as a control of the nuclease activity. PGEM-TA-CFTR plasmid with part of the CFTR gene with the F508del mutation co-transfected with the plasmid for CRISPR/Cas9 was used as template for sgCFTR#1 and #2; plasmid pEGFP-C1 was used as template for sgGFP. Experiments performed in HEK293T cell culture demonstrated, that sgCFTR#1 has the lowest efficiency among used sgRNAs - number of insertions/deletions (indels) by T7E1 assay was 6.37-20.82%. Expression level of sgCFTR#1 after transfection was lower than expression of sgGFP, which showed the greatest activity - up to 65% of indels. Addition of G-quadruplexes to sgCFTR#1 and sgGFP sequences with the aim to increase their stability led to decrease of expression and activity. Culturing transfected cells at lower temperature (24 hours at 37°C, then 48 hours at 30°C) resulted in two-fold decrease of sgCFTR#1 activity, but without affecting sgGFP activity. Thus, direct relationship between sgRNAs expression and their activity was confirmed in the study; however, sgCFTR#1 expression and its efficacy could not be increased. Further attempts to enhance sgCFTR#1 expression and its stabilization should be performed, or other Cas9 enzymes, which expand the ability to select sgRNA direct to F508del mutation can be potentially used.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>муковисцидоз</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas9</kwd><kwd>экспрессия sgRNA</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>G-квадруплекс</kwd><kwd>сystic fibrosis</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas9</kwd><kwd>sgRNA expression</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>G-quadruplex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazareth D., Walshaw M. Coming of age in cystic fibrosis - transition from paediatric to adult care. 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