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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2026.02.33-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Болезнь Вильсона-Коновалова в педиатрической практике: молекулярно-генетические особенности, взаимосвязи генотипа и фенотипа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Wilson-Konovalov disease in pediatric practice: molecular genetic features, relationships between genotype and phenotype</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Алина Дмитриевна </p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Alina D. Komarova</p><p>2-1, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 119991, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komarova.alina.d@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостьянов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostyanov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-1, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 119991, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Россия, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-1, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 119991, Russian Federation </p><p>8, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-1, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 119991, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демьянов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demyanov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-1, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 119991, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2-1, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 119991, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей Минздрава России;&#13;
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комарова А.Д., Савостьянов К.В., Потапов А.С., Пушков А.А., Демьянов Д.С., Фисенко А.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комарова А.Д., Савостьянов К.В., Потапов А.С., Пушков А.А., Демьянов Д.С., Фисенко А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarova A.D., Savostyanov K.V., Potapov A.S., Pushkov A.A., Demyanov D.S., Fisenko A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3393">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3393</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: определение спектра и относительных частот патогенных вариантов гена ATP7B, изучение взаимосвязей между генотипом и фенотипом заболевания у российских детей с болезнью Вильсона-Коновалова (БВК).Методы. Включено 100 детей (3–17 лет) с генетически верифицированным диагнозом БВК, наблюдавшихся в период 2012–2023 гг., которым было проведено комплексное обследование: определены уровень церулоплазмина в крови и суточная экскреция меди с мочой, проведены магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга, офтальмологический осмотр с использованием щелевой лампы, непрямая фиброэластометрия (оценка степени фиброза проводилась по шкале METAVIR). Поиск каузальных вариантов гена ATP7B выполняли методами ПЦР в режиме реального времени, секвенирования по Сэнгеру, высокопроизводительного секвенирования (ВПС).Результаты. Обнаружен 51 патогенный вариант гена ATP7B, из них 14 не описанных ранее. Наиболее распространенными были варианты c.3207C&gt;A, выявленный на 45,5% аллелей, с.3402del - 6,5%, c.3190G&gt;A - 6%, с.2304insC - 5,5%. Мажорный вариант c.3207C&gt;A ассоциирован с поздней манифестацией и легким поражением печени, тогда как варианты, приводящие к преждевременной терминации трансляции, ассоциированы с ранним дебютом, тяжелым поражением печени и более низким уровнем церулоплазмина (p&lt;0,001). Диагностическая эффективность стандартной ПЦР-панели, оцениваемая по выявлению двух патогенных вариантов, составила лишь 39%, тогда как ВПС позволило идентифицировать биаллельные варианты у 99% пациентов.Заключение. В российской когорте детей с БВК выявлен уникальный спектр вариантов гена ATP7B с выраженной генетической гетерогенностью. Установленные взаимосвязи между генотипом и возрастом манифестации БВК, степенью поражения печени и уровнем церулоплазмина открывают перспективы для прогнозирования течения заболевания и совершенствования алгоритмов диагностики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. To determine the spectrum and relative frequencies of pathogenic variants of the ATP7B gene and to study the relationships between the genotype and phenotype of the disease in Russian children with Wilson-Konovalov disease.Methods. The study included 100 children (3-17 years old) with a genetically verified diagnosis of fibroid tumor, observed in the period 2012-2023, who underwent a comprehensive examination: the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood and daily excretion of copper in the urine were determined, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, ophthalmological examination using a slit lamp, indirect fibroelastometry (the degree of fibrosis was assessed using the METAVIR scale). A search for specific variants of the ATP7B gene was performed using real-time PCR, Sanger sequencing, and high-throughput sequencing (HTS).Results. 51 pathogenic variants of ATP7B were detected, including 14 previously unknown. The most common variants were c.3207C&gt;A, detected on 45.5% of alleles, c.3402del – 6.5%, c.3190G&gt;A – 6%, and c.2304insC – 5.5%. The presence of the major c.3207C&gt;A genotype is associated with late onset and mild liver damage, while the presence of variants leading to premature translation termination are associated with early onset, severe liver damage, and lower ceruloplasmin levels (p &lt; 0.001). The diagnostic efficacy of the standard PCR panel, assessed by the detection of two pathogenic variants, was only 39%, while the high-throughput sequencing allowed the identification of biallelic variants in 99% of patients.Conclusion. A unique spectrum of ATP7B gene variants with pronounced genetic heterogeneity has been identified in the Russian children with WKD. The established relationships between WKD genotype and age of onset, the degree of liver damage, and ceruloplasmin levels offer potential for predicting the course of the disease and improving diagnostic algorithms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Вильсона-Коновалова</kwd><kwd>ATP7B</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Wilson disease</kwd><kwd>ATP7B</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EASL-ERN Clinical Practice Guidelines on Wilson’s disease. J Hepatol. 2025; 22:S0168-8278(24)02706-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.11.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EASL-ERN Clinical Practice Guidelines on Wilson’s disease. J Hepatol. 2025; 22:S0168-8278(24)02706-5. 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