<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2026.02.17-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3391</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мозаицизм эмбрионов в клинической практике: интерпретация результатов ПГТ-А и тактика ведения пациентов (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Embryonic Mosaicism in Clinical Practice: Interpretation of PGT-A Results and Patient Management Strategies (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыркашева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syrkasheva</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117513, г. Москва, Россия, ул. Островитянова, д. 1109028, г. Москва, Россия, ул. Солянка, д. 12, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/6 Ostrovitianova st, Moscow, 117513, Russian Federation12, building 1 Solyanka st., Moscow, 109028, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anast.syrkasheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Софронова</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sofronova</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>109028, г. Москва, Россия, ул. Солянка, д. 12, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>12, building 1 Solyanka st., Moscow, 109028, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>109028, г. Москва, Россия, ул. Солянка, д. 12, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>12, building 1 Solyanka st., Moscow, 109028, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добровольская</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrovolskaya</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>109028, г. Москва, Россия, ул. Солянка, д. 12, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>12, building 1 Solyanka st., Moscow, 109028, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России;&#13;
Центр репродуктивного здоровья и отделение вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий группы компаний «Медси» на Солянке</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University;&#13;
Center for Reproductive Health and Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Medsi Group of Companies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр репродуктивного здоровья и отделение вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий группы компаний «Медси» на Солянке</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Reproductive Health and Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Medsi Group of Companies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сыркашева А.Г., Софронова Я.В., Трошина М.Н., Добровольская Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сыркашева А.Г., Софронова Я.В., Трошина М.Н., Добровольская Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Syrkasheva A.G., Sofronova Y.V., Troshina M.N., Dobrovolskaya D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3391">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3391</self-uri><abstract><p>Селективный перенос одного эмбриона (eSET) является ключевым элементом современной репродуктологии, направленным на рождение здорового ребенка при минимизации рисков многоплодия. Повышение его эффективности требует совершенствования методов отбора эмбрионов, среди которых важное место занимает преимплантационное генетическое тестирование на анеуплоидии (ПГТ-А). Широкое внедрение ПГТ-А с использованием секвенирования нового поколения (NGS) привело к увеличению выявления мозаичных эмбрионов, содержащих клетки с различным хромосомным набором.В данном обзоре литературы рассматриваются биологические основы мозаицизма, основная причина которого – ошибки митотических делений на ранних стадиях эмбриогенеза. Подробно анализируются сложности лабораторной диагностики и интерпретации результатов ПГТ-А, связанные с ограничениями методов, вариабельностью диагностических критериев и неполным совпадением хромосомного набора трофэктодермы и внутренней клеточной массы.Представлены данные клинических исследований по исходам переноса мозаичных эмбрионов. Показано, что частота наступления беременности и родов после переноса эмбрионов с низким и средним уровнем мозаицизма может быть сопоставима с таковой для эуплоидных эмбрионов.Рассмотрены позиции международных профессиональных сообществ (ESHRE, ASRM, PGDIS), которые сходятся во мнении, что мозаичные эмбрионы не следует априори считать непригодными для переноса. Решение должно приниматься взвешенно, с привлечением клинического генетика, с учетом индивидуальных особенностей пациентки. Приоритет отдается переносу эуплоидных эмбрионов, а мозаичные могут рассматриваться как вариант при их отсутствии с обязательным предложением пренатальной диагностики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) is a cornerstone of modern reproductive medicine, aimed at achieving a healthy singleton birth while minimizing the risks associated with multiple pregnancies. Enhancing its efficacy requires the refinement of embryo selection methods, among which preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) holds significant importance. The widespread adoption of PGT-A, particularly through next-generation sequencing (NGS), has led to an increased detection of mosaic embryos, which contain a mixture of euploid and aneuploid cells.This literature review examines the biological underpinnings of embryo mosaicism, whose primary cause is mitotic errors during early embryogenesis. The challenges of laboratory diagnosis and the interpretation of PGT-A results are analyzed in detail, focusing on technical limitations, variability in diagnostic thresholds, and the discordance in chromosomal status between the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass.Data from clinical studies on the outcomes of mosaic embryo transfers are presented. The evidence indicates that pregnancy and live birth rates following the transfer of embryos with low– and intermediate-level mosaicism can be comparable to those achieved with euploid embryos.The positions of international professional societies (ESHRE, ASRM, PGDIS) are reviewed. These bodies concur that mosaic embryos should not be considered a priori unsuitable for transfer. The decision to transfer such embryos must be deliberate, involving a genetic counselor or clinical geneticist, and tailored to the individual patient’s circumstances. While the transfer of euploid embryos remains the priority, mosaic embryos represent a viable alternative when no euploid embryos are available, with prenatal diagnostic testing being strongly recommended in these cases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мозаицизм</kwd><kwd>преимплантационное генетическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>анеуплоидия</kwd><kwd>селективный перенос одного эмбриона</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>бластоциста</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mosaicism</kwd><kwd>preimplantation genetic testing</kwd><kwd>aneuploidy</kwd><kwd>single embryo transfer</kwd><kwd>high-throughput nucleotide sequencing</kwd><kwd>blastocyst</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geng T., Zhou Q., Wang Y. et al. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes for high morphological scoring mosaic vs. low morphological scoring euploid embryos: a retrospective cohort study. J Ovarian Res. 2025;18(1):79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geng T., Zhou Q., Wang Y. et al. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes for high morphological scoring mosaic vs. low morphological scoring euploid embryos: a retrospective cohort study. J Ovarian Res. 2025;18(1):79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanneste E., Voet T., Le Caignec C. et al. Chromosome instability is common in human cleavage-stage embryos. Nat Med. 2009;15(5):577-583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanneste E., Voet T., Le Caignec C. et al. Chromosome instability is common in human cleavage-stage embryos. Nat Med. 2009;15(5):577-583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babariya D., Fragouli E., Alfarawati S. et al. The incidence and origin of segmental aneuploidy in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(12):2549-2560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babariya D., Fragouli E., Alfarawati S. et al. The incidence and origin of segmental aneuploidy in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(12):2549-2560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munné S., Wells D.. Detection of mosaicism at blastocyst stage with the use of high-resolution next-generation sequencing. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(5):1085-1091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munné S., Wells D.. Detection of mosaicism at blastocyst stage with the use of high-resolution next-generation sequencing. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(5):1085-1091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popovic M., Dheedene A., Christodoulou C. et al. Chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts: the ultimate challenge of preimplantation genetic testing? Hum Reprod. 2018;33(7):1342-1354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popovic M., Dheedene A., Christodoulou C. et al. Chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts: the ultimate challenge of preimplantation genetic testing? Hum Reprod. 2018;33(7):1342-1354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chavli E., van den Born M., Eleveld C. et al. Chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts: a cytogenetic comparison of trophectoderm and inner cell mass after next-generation sequencing. Reprod Biomed Online. 2022;45(5):867-877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chavli E., van den Born M., Eleveld C. et al. Chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts: a cytogenetic comparison of trophectoderm and inner cell mass after next-generation sequencing. Reprod Biomed Online. 2022;45(5):867-877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Rycke M., Capalbo A., Coonen E. et al. ESHRE survey results and good practice recommendations on managing chromosomal mosaicism. Hum Reprod Open. 2022;2022(4):hoac044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Rycke M., Capalbo A., Coonen E. et al. ESHRE survey results and good practice recommendations on managing chromosomal mosaicism. Hum Reprod Open. 2022;2022(4):hoac044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmerola K.L., Vitez S.F., Amrane S. et al. Minimizing mosaicism: assessing the impact of fertilization method on rate of mosaicism after next-generation sequencing (NGS) preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019;36(1):153-157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmerola K.L., Vitez S.F., Amrane S. et al. Minimizing mosaicism: assessing the impact of fertilization method on rate of mosaicism after next-generation sequencing (NGS) preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019;36(1):153-157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Li R., Yang R. et al. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus conventional in-vitro fertilisation for couples with infertility with non-severe male factor: a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2024;403(10430):924-934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Li R., Yang R. et al. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus conventional in-vitro fertilisation for couples with infertility with non-severe male factor: a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2024;403(10430):924-934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greco E., Minasi M.G., Fiorentino F. Healthy Babies after Intrauterine Transfer of Mosaic Aneuploid Blastocysts. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(21):2089-2090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greco E., Minasi M.G., Fiorentino F. Healthy Babies after Intrauterine Transfer of Mosaic Aneuploid Blastocysts. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(21):2089-2090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capalbo A., Poli M., Rienzi L. et al. Mosaic human preimplantation embryos and their developmental potential in a prospective, nonselection clinical trial. Am J Hum Genet. 2021;108(12):2238-2247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capalbo A., Poli M., Rienzi L. et al. Mosaic human preimplantation embryos and their developmental potential in a prospective, nonselection clinical trial. Am J Hum Genet. 2021;108(12):2238-2247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tise C.G., Verma K., Rivera-Cruz G. et al. Healthy euploid dizygotic twin birth after transfer of nonmosaic aneuploid embryos. Fertil Steril. 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tise C.G., Verma K., Rivera-Cruz G. et al. Healthy euploid dizygotic twin birth after transfer of nonmosaic aneuploid embryos. Fertil Steril. 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Clinical management of mosaic results from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy of blastocysts: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2023;120(5):973-982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Clinical management of mosaic results from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy of blastocysts: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2023;120(5):973-982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leigh D., Cram D.S., Rechitsky S. et al. PGDIS position statement on the transfer of mosaic embryos 2021. Reprod Biomed Online. 2022;45(1):19-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leigh D., Cram D.S., Rechitsky S. et al. PGDIS position statement on the transfer of mosaic embryos 2021. Reprod Biomed Online. 2022;45(1):19-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
