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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2026.01.12-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преимущества секвенирования клинического экзома  как второго этапа генетического скрининга   пациентов с подозрением на мышечную дистрофию Дюшенна/Беккер</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Advantages of clinical exome sequencing as a second step in genetic screening of patients  with suspected Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурлаченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlachenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурлаченко Анастасия Сергеевна</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д.9, литера А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burlachenko Anastasia Sergeevna</p><p>9A, Professora Popova st., St. Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastya_sergeevna99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эйсмонт</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eismont</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д.9, литера А </p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, Большой пр. Васильевского острова, д.90, корп.2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9A, Professora Popova st., St. Petersburg, 197022</p><p>90, bldg. 2, Bolshoy pr. Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg, 199106</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маретина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maretina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Mendeleevskaya line, St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ацапкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atsapkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Mendeleevskaya line, St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донников</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Donnikov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Mendeleevskaya line, St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Mendeleevskaya line, St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глотов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glotov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Mendeleevskaya line, St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глотов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glotov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д.9, литера А </p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3 </p><p>628412, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра, г. Сургут, пр. Ленина, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9A, Professora Popova st., St. Petersburg, 197022</p><p>3, Mendeleevskaya line, St. Petersburg, 199034</p><p>1, Lenina pr., Surgut, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, 628412</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; ООО  СЕРБАЛАБ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Serbalab Laboratory</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D. O. Ott</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта; БУ ВО Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа – Югры Сургутский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency; The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D. O. Ott; Surgut State University, Surgut</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бурлаченко А.С., Эйсмонт Ю.А., Маретина М.А., Ацапкина А.А., Донников М.Ю., Киселев А.В., Глотов А.С., Глотов О.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бурлаченко А.С., Эйсмонт Ю.А., Маретина М.А., Ацапкина А.А., Донников М.Ю., Киселев А.В., Глотов А.С., Глотов О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burlachenko A.S., Eismont Y.A., Maretina M.A., Atsapkina A.A., Donnikov M.Y., Kiselev А.V., Glotov A.S., Glotov O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3373">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3373</self-uri><abstract><p>Среди миодистрофий, дебютирующих в раннем детском возрасте и требующих ранней диагностики и лечения, наиболее распространенной и тяжелой формой у пациентов мужского пола остается прогрессирующая мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна/ Беккера (МДД/МДБ, OMIM: 310200). Наиболее перспективным методом современной диагностики как второго этапа генетического скрининга пациентов с подозрением на МДД/МДБ является секвенирование клинического экзома. Данный подход позволяет идентифицировать патогенные и вероятно патогенные варианты не только в гене DMD, но и в генах, ассоциированных с другими формами наследственных нервно-мышечнных заболеваний (ННМЗ).</p><p>Цель исследования: провести оценку эффективности использования метода секвенирования клинического экзома как второго этапа генетического скрининга пациентов с подозрением на МДД/МДБ или иной формы ННМЗ в Северо-Западном регионе РФ. Основными критериями включения являлись: предварительно установленный клинический диагноз МДД/МДБ, значительное повышение уровня креатинфосфокиназы (креатинкиназы, КФК: &gt;1000Ед/л), трансаминаз (согласно возрастным рефересным значениям) аланинаминотрансферазы (АЛТ) и аспартатаминотрансферазы (АСТ). На первом этапе пациентам с предполагаемым диагнозом МДД/МДБ было проведено исследование на наличие протяженных делеций и дупликаций в гене DMD методом мультиплексной лигазозависимой амплификации зондов. На втором этапе пациентам, у которых не были обнаружены делеции и дупликации, было проведено секвенирование «клинического» экзома методом NGS, включающее в себя 3332 гена. Всего было обследовано 167 пациентов, средний возраст которых составил 7±2 лет. Патогенные и вероятно патогенные варианты в гене DMD, а также в генах, ассоциированных с другими формами ННМЗ, описанные ранее у пациентов РФ, в нашей когорте были выявлены у 114 пациентов (68,3%). У 11 пациентов (6,6%) были обнаружены варианты в генах, которые не включены в существующие в РФ некоммерческие NGS панели для диагностики МДД/МДБ и других видов мышечных дистрофий, что подчеркивает важность проведения секвенирования экзома для дифференциальной диагностики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Among myodystrophies that debut in early childhood and require early diagnosis and treatment, progressive Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD, OMIM: 310200) remains the most common and severe form in male patients. The most promising method of modern diagnostics as the second stage of genetic screening of patients with suspected DMD/BMD is clinical exome sequencing. This approach makes it possible to identify pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants not only in the DMD gene, but also in genes associated with other forms of neuromuscular diseases.</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of clinical exome sequencing as the second stage of genetic screening of patients with suspected progressive Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy or other forms of NMD in the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation. The main inclusion criteria were: a previously established clinical diagnosis of DMD/BMD, as well as a significant increase in the level of creatine phosphokinase (creatine kinase, CPK) (&gt;1000U/L), transaminases (according to age-referenced values) – alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In the first stage of the study, patients with a presumptive diagnosis of DMD/BMD were tested for the presence of extended deletions and duplications in the DMD gene using the multiplex ligase chain reaction method. In a second step, patients in whom deletions and duplications were not detected were sequenced for the “clinical” exome by NGS, which includes 3332 genes. A total of 167 patients were examined, with a mean age of 7±2 years. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the DMD gene, as well as in genes associated with other forms of inherited neuromuscular diseases described previously in RF patients, were identified in 114 patients (68.3%) in our cohort. In 11 patients (6.6%), variants in genes that are not included in the existing RF noncommercial NGS panels for the diagnosis of DMD/BMD and other types of muscular dystrophies were detected, which emphasizes the importance of exome sequencing in patients with a presumptive diagnosis of DMD/BMD for differential diagnosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нервно-мышечные заболевания</kwd><kwd>наследственные нервно-мышечные заболевания</kwd><kwd>ННМЗ</kwd><kwd>мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна/Беккера</kwd><kwd>МДД</kwd><kwd>МДБ</kwd><kwd>ДНК-диагностика</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>ген DMD</kwd><kwd>креатинфосфокиназа</kwd><kwd>креатинкиназа</kwd><kwd>КФК</kwd><kwd>трансаминазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuromuscular diseases</kwd><kwd>hereditary neuromuscular diseases</kwd><kwd>Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>DMD</kwd><kwd>BMD</kwd><kwd>DNA diagnosis</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>DMD gene</kwd><kwd>creatine phosphokinase</kwd><kwd>creatine kinase</kwd><kwd>CPK</kwd><kwd>transaminases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Соглашение № 2023-561-05/2023 о предоставлении гранта победителю открытого публичного конкурса научных проектов «Исследовательская платформа по генетической диагностике, лечению и профилактике мультифакториальных и наследственных заболеваний в Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе – Югре» на получение грантов Фонда научно-технологического развития Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа-Югры.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Agreement No. 2023-561-05/2023 for receiving grants from the Scientific and Technological Development Fund of the Khanty-Mansi    Autonomous Okrug – Yugra.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доронина О.Б., Доронин Б.М. 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