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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2025.11.37-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3294</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКОЕ СООБЩЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRIEF REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование мутаций белка ГАМК-транспортера GAT-1, ассоциированных с шизофренией, методом молекулярной динамики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular Dynamics of the Mutant GABA Transporter GAT-1: contribution to the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуразаков</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdurazakov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдуразаков Амаль</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amal Abdurazakov</p><p>34, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aabdurazakov@edu.hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашкин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abashkin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мариловцева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marilovtseva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голимбет</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golimbet</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научный центр психического здоровья</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абдуразаков А., Абашкин Д.А., Мариловцева Е.В., Голимбет В.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдуразаков А., Абашкин Д.А., Мариловцева Е.В., Голимбет В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdurazakov A., Abashkin D.A., Marilovtseva E.V., Golimbet V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3294">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3294</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Известно, что в патогенез шизофрении вовлечена ГАМК-ергическая система, выполняющая функции активации и торможения нейрональной коммуникации. Мутации в генах белков транспортеров ГАМК могут быть одним из ключевых процессов в патогенезе шизофрении. Следовательно, in silico моделирование молекулярной динамики белков-транспортеров ЦНС позволяет исследовать структурно-функциональные изменения, потенциально критичные для их роли в патогенезе заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: моделирование структуры и динамики транспортера GAT-1 в составе нейрональной мембраны с учетом известных при шизофрении мутаций для уточнения их функциональной значимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Молекулярная динамика мутантного и дикого типа ГАМК-транспортера GAT-1 моделировалась с использованием GROMACS. Структуры были получены на основе PDB (7Y7V), внесены три миссенс-замены (A93T, R211C, W495L) в PyMOL. Мембранная система строилась в CHARMM-GUI, проводилась сольватация и ионизация. Выполнялась энергетическая минимизация, моделирование в изобарно-изотермическом режиме (T = 300K) с баростатом Парринелло-Рахмана и анализ динамики по RMSD, RMSF и Rg.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Симуляции молекулярной динамики (100 нс) выявили, что мутации в SLC6A1 приводят к значительным нарушениям глобальной и локальной стабильности транспортера ГАМК. Анализ RMSD и RMSF показал замедленную стабилизацию мутантного белка, повышенные флуктуации в критических для ионного транспорта регионах и возможную утрату транспортной функции. Незначительное увеличение радиуса гирации (Rg) у мутанта свидетельствует о сохранении плотности упаковки, но нарушении способности связываться с молекулами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Эти изменения могут негативно влиять на обратный захват ГАМК, что приводит к когнитивным нарушениям при шизофрении. Это подчеркивает необходимость дальнейшего изучения структуры и функций транспортера в патогенезе нейропсихиатрических расстройств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. It is well established that the GABAergic system, which plays a crucial role in both activating and inhibiting neuronal communication, is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Mutations in the structure of GABA transporters may represent a key process in the development of this disorder. Consequently, developing in silico models of protein transporter dynamics in the central nervous system could help elucidate their functional significance in the progression of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to model the structure and dynamics of the GAT-1 transporter within the neuronal membrane, taking into account the known schizophrenia-associated mutations, in order to refine our understanding of their functional relevance.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The molecular dynamics of both mutant and wild-type GABA transporter GAT-1 was simulated using GROMACS. The structures were based on PDB (7Y7V), with three missense substitutions (A93T, R211C, W495L) introduced in PyMOL. A membrane system was constructed via CHARMM-GUI, followed by solvation and ionization. Energy minimization was carried out, and the system was subsequently simulated under isobaric-isothermal conditions (T = 300 K) using the Parrinello-Rahman barostat. Dynamics were analyzed through RMSD, RMSF, and radius of gyration (Rg).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns) revealed that mutations in SLC6A1 lead to significant disruptions in both global and local stability of the GABA transporter. RMSD and RMSF analyses showed delayed stabilization of the mutant protein, increased fluctuations in key ion transport regions, and a potential loss of transport function. A slight increase in Rg in the mutant suggests preserved packing density but impaired binding capacity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. These alterations may negatively impact GABA reuptake, which is associated with cognitive impairments and schizophrenia symptoms, highlighting the need for further investigation into the structure and function of the transporter in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>полигенное заболевание</kwd><kwd>транспортеры ГАМК</kwd><kwd>GAT-1</kwd><kwd>молекулярное моделирование</kwd><kwd>миссенс-мутации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>polygenic disease</kwd><kwd>GABA transporters</kwd><kwd>GAT-1</kwd><kwd>molecular modeling</kwd><kwd>missense mutations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-25-00459, https://rscf.ru/project/25-25-00459</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 25-25-00459) https://rscf.ru/project/25-25-00459</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owen M.J., Legge S.E., Rees E. et al. 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