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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2025.10.6-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка экономически эффективных стратегий молекулярной диагностики различных групп наследственных заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Developing Cost-Effective Strategies for Molecular Diagnostics of Hereditary Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryzhkova@dnalab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатохина</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatokhina</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булах</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulakh</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Череватова</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherevatova</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забненкова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabnenkova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальская</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalskaia</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденская</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenskaya</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадникова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadnikova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бескоровайная</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beskorovainaya</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Близнец</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bliznetz</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адян</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adyan</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михальчук</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalchuk</surname><given-names>К. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухрова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhrova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schagina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дадали</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dadali</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st, Moscow,115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыжкова О.П., Шатохина О.Л., Булах М.В., Череватова Т.Б., Орлова А.А., Забненкова В.В., Ковальская В.А., Руденская Г.Е., Кадникова В.А., Степанова А.А., Зинина Е.В., Бескоровайная Т.С., Близнец Е.А., Адян Т.А., Михальчук К.А., Чухрова А.Л., Щагина О.А., Дадали Е.Л., Поляков А.В., Куцев С.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжкова О.П., Шатохина О.Л., Булах М.В., Череватова Т.Б., Орлова А.А., Забненкова В.В., Ковальская В.А., Руденская Г.Е., Кадникова В.А., Степанова А.А., Зинина Е.В., Бескоровайная Т.С., Близнец Е.А., Адян Т.А., Михальчук К.А., Чухрова А.Л., Щагина О.А., Дадали Е.Л., Поляков А.В., Куцев С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhkova O.P., Shatokhina O.L., Bulakh M.V., Cherevatova T.B., Orlova A.A., Zabnenkova V.V., Kovalskaia V.A., Rudenskaya G.E., Kadnikova V.A., Stepanova A.A., Zinina E.V., Beskorovainaya T.S., Bliznetz E.A., Adyan T.A., Mikhalchuk К.A., Chukhrova A.L., Schagina O.A., Dadali E.L., Polyakov A.V., Kutsev S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3233">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3233</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование обосновывает экономическую и клиническую эффективность каскадного (стратифицированного) подхода в молекулярно-генетической диагностике наследственных заболеваний по сравнению с использованием секвенирования полного генома (WGS) в первой линии диагностики. На основе анализа стоимости, времени выполнения и диагностической информативности 1140 стратегий для 9 нозологических групп (муковисцидоз (МВ), фенилкетонурия (ФКУ), мышечные дистрофии Дюшенна/Беккера (МДБ/МДД), спинальная мышечная атрофия (СМА), тугоухость, гемофилия, спастические параплегии (СПГ), синдромы Нунан/Леопард, ультраредкие/гетерогенные заболевания) показано, что оптимальная стратегия строго зависит от спектра причинных генетических вариантов. Для заболеваний с известными «частыми» патогенными вариантами или преобладанием протяженных делеций/дупликаций (CNV) старт с «традиционных» методов экономически и клинически оправдан. При высокой гетерогенности обоснован более ранний переход к секвенированию NGS-панелей или клинического/полного экзома (CES/WES). Каскадное тестирование обеспечивает сопоставимую с WGS информативность, сокращая среднюю стоимость на образец до 92% и среднее время до 53 дней на 100 образцов. Универсального оптимального метода не существует, выбор алгоритма должен базироваться на специфике нозологии и ресурсных ограничениях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study substantiates the economic and clinical efficacy of a cascade (stratified) testing approach in molecular genetic diagnostics of hereditary disorders compared to using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as the first-line diagnostic method. By analyzing the cost, turnaround time, and diagnostic yield of 1,140 strategies across 9 disease groups (cystic fibrosis (CF), phenylketonuria (PKU), Duchenne/ Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), hearing loss, hemophilia, hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP), Noonan/Leopard syndromes, and ultra-rare/heterogeneous disorders), we demonstrate that the optimal strategy strictly depends on the causative variant spectrum of the pathology. For diseases with known frequent pathogenic variants (PKU, hearing loss) or a predominance of large copy-number variations (CNVs) starting with «traditional» methods is economically and clinically justified. For highly heterogeneous conditions an earlier transition to NGS panel sequencing or clinical/whole exome sequencing (CES/WES) is warranted. Cascade testing achieves diagnostic yield comparable to WGS while reducing costs up to 92% and shortening time up to 53 days per 100 samples. No universal optimal method exists; algorithm selection should be based on disease-specific characteristics and resource constraints.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>наследственные заболевания</kwd><kwd>каскадное тестирование</kwd><kwd>экономическая оптимизация</kwd><kwd>NGS-панели</kwd><kwd>клинический и полный экзом (CES/WES)</kwd><kwd>полный геном (WGS).</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular genetic diagnostics</kwd><kwd>hereditary diseases</kwd><kwd>cascade testing</kwd><kwd>cost optimization</kwd><kwd>NGS panels</kwd><kwd>clinical and whole exome sequencing (CES/WES)</kwd><kwd>whole genome sequencing (WGS)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано государственным заданием Министерства науки и высшего образования России.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by a state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shatokhina O., Galeeva N., Stepanova A., et al. 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