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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2025.09.140-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКОЕ СООБЩЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRIEF REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сложный мозаицизм по X-хромосоме с выраженным межтканевым различием у пациентки с вторичным привычным невынашиванием беременности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex X-chromosome mosaicism with pronounced inter-tissue differences in a patient with secondary recurrent pregnancy loss</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штаут</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtaut</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1; 117513, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522; 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernykh@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова; ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Штаут М.И., Соловова О.А., Шилова Н.В., Черных В.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Штаут М.И., Соловова О.А., Шилова Н.В., Черных В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shtaut M.I., Solovova O.A., Shilova N.V., Chernykh V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3201">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3201</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Аномалии Х-хромосомы – одна из частых причин нарушений формирования пола, физического и полового развития, фертильности. Мозаицизм по Х-хромосоме у пациенток женского пола может приводить к синдромальным гоносомным аномалиям (синдрому Шерешевского-Тернера, трисомии Х, полисомии Х и др.), при этом некоторые кариотипы могут встречаться при разных клинических формах, что обуславливает их частичную перекрываемость.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: представить случай сложного мозаицизма по X-хромосоме у пациентки с привычным невынашиванием беременности. Пациентка 37 лет обратилась с жалобами на невынашивание беременности. Развитие пациентки протекало по возрасту. В анамнезе 3 беременности, наступивших естественным путем, первая закончилась родами здорового мальчика, вторая и третья – замерли на ранних сроках.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Стандартное цитогенетическое исследование проводили на лимфоцитах периферической крови. Флуоресцентную in situ гибридизацию выполняли на ядрах лимфоцитов и клеток буккального эпителия с центромерными зондами на хромосомы 18 и Х.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Кариотип по данным стандартного цитогенетического исследования определен как mos 45,X[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit29">29</xref>]/47,XXX[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit8">8</xref>]/46,XX[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>]. По результатам FISH подтверждено наличие сложного мозаицизма по Х-хромосоме в лимфоцитах периферической крови – Х(78%)/ХХХ(10%)/ХХ(12%), выявлен мозаицизм в клетках буккального эпителия – ХХХ(70%)/Х(7%)/ХХХХ(3%)/ХХ(20%).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Пациентки со сложным мозаицизмом по хромосоме Х могут не иметь выраженных клинических признаков. Поскольку данные пациенты имеют риск преждевременной недостаточности яичников, им требуется решение вопроса репродукции с проведением преимплантационного генетического тестирования на анеуплоидии (ПГТ-А), пренатальной цитогенетической диагностики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. X-chromosome abnormalities are one of the common genetic causes of disorders of sex development, physical and sexual development, fertility. X-chromosome mosaicism in female patients can lead to various syndromic gonosomal abnormalities (Turner syndrome, trisomy X, and polysomy X, etc.), while similar karyotypes can occur in different clinical forms, this causes their partial overlap.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to present a clinical case of complex X-chromosome mosaicism in female patient with recurrent pregnancy loss. A 37-year-old woman applied for a genetic examination with complaints of miscarriage. The patient’s development was age-related. There are 3 natural pregnancies in the anamnesis, the first ended in the birth of a healthy boy, the second and the third were frozen in the early stages.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Standard cytogenetic study was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed on the nuclei of lymphocyte cells and buccal epithelial cells using centromeric probes for chromosomes 18 and X.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The karyotype of the patient according to the standard cytogenetic study was determined as mos 45,X[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit29">29</xref>]/47,XXX[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit8">8</xref>]/46,XX[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>]. FISH results shown complex X-chromosome mosaicism in peripheral blood lymphocytes – Х(78%)/ХХХ(10%)/ХХ(12%), and buccal epithelial cells – ХХХ(70%)/Х(7%)/ХХХХ(3%)/ХХ(20%).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Some female patients with complex X chromosome mosaicism may not have develop clinical signs characteristic of syndromic gonosomal abnormalities. Since these patients are at risk of premature ovarian insufficiency, they need a timely solution to the issue of reproduction with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and prenatal cytogenetic diagnostics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мозаицизм</kwd><kwd>хромосома Х</kwd><kwd>хромосомные аномалии</kwd><kwd>женское бесплодие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mosaicism</kwd><kwd>X chromosome</kwd><kwd>chromosomal abnormalities</kwd><kwd>female infertility</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «МГНЦ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia for the Research Centre for Medical Genetics.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brambila-Tapia A.J., Rivera H., García-Castillo H., et al. 47,XXX/45,X/46,XX mosaicism in a patient with Turner phenotype and spontaneous pubertal development. 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