Most first-year medical university students who come from different schools and colleges have different basic levels of training in genetics. Thus, in the first year, it is necessary to level off knowledge on this subject among students and expand it, forming the basis for further study of medical genetics in higher courses. In order to improve the quality of teaching genetics in the first year of medical university, a survey of students was conducted after studying the subject. The study revealed that the majority of students have the greatest difficulties with studying the molecular foundations of heredity, namely with the processes of matrix synthesis, the structure of the gene and the stages of gene expression. Despite the difficulties, the vast majority of first-year students note the relevance of this subject and want to continue their studies in it, delving into the study of hereditary human diseases and the basics of their occurrence.