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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2025.07.89-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-3088</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRIEF REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Меланоцитарные внутриглазные новообразования: новые возможности минимально инвазивной дифференциальной диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Melanocytic intraocular neoplasms: new possibilities of minimally invasive differential diagnosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саакян</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saakyan</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105062, г. Москва, ул. Садовая – Черногрязская, д. 14/19;</p><p>127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14/19, Sadovaya–Chernogryazskaya st., Moscow, 105062;</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya st., Moscow, 127006</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>A. Iu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыганков Александр Юрьевич,</p><p>105062, г. Москва, ул. Садовая – Черногрязская, д. 14/19;</p><p>127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14/19, Sadovaya–Chernogryazskaya st., Moscow, 105062;</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya st., Moscow, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alextsygankov1986@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякошина</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakoshina</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105062, г. Москва, ул. Садовая – Черногрязская, д. 14/19;</p><p>127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14/19, Sadovaya–Chernogryazskaya st., Moscow, 105062;</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya st., Moscow, 127006</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурденный</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burdennyi</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125315, г. Москва, ул. Балтийская, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Baltiyskaya st., Moscow, 125315</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125315, г. Москва, ул. Балтийская, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8, Baltiyskaya st., Moscow, 125315</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ НМИЦ глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВПО Российский университет медицины Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases;&#13;
Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саакян С.В., Цыганков А.Ю., Мякошина Е.Б., Бурденный А.М., Логинов В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саакян С.В., Цыганков А.Ю., Мякошина Е.Б., Бурденный А.М., Логинов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saakyan S.V., Tsygankov A.I., Myakoshina E.B., Burdennyi A.M., Loginov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3088">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3088</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: анализ частоты мутаций в генах GNAQ/GNA11 в циркулирующей опухолевой ДНК и генотипов полиморфного маркера С3435Т гена ABCB1.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В период 2015-2022 гг. обследовано 272 пациента с внутриглазными меланоцитарными новообразованиями. Пациенты разделены на группы: меланомы хориоидеи, группа I (n=141), прогрессирующие, группа II (n=67) и стационарные, группа III (n=64) невусы хориоидеи.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группе I хотя бы одна мутация в генах GNAQ/GNA11 выявлена у 95%, из них две мутации – у 24,8%, три мутации – у 11,3% пациентов. В группе II одна мутация выявлена у 73,1%, из них две мутации – у 4,5% больных. В группе III одна мутация в генах GNAQ/GNA11 выявлена у 13 больных (20,3%). В группе II частота мутаций в генах GNAQ/GNA11 значимо выше, чем в группе III (OR = 10,68 (4,73 до 24,1), F=0,0000001, ξ2 = 36,64). В группе I частота генотипа СC полиморфного маркера C3435T гена ABCB1 была значимо меньше по сравнению с группой II, а частота генотипа CT – значимо больше по сравнению с группой II.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В настоящей работе в выборке 272 пациентов с внутриглазными меланоцитарными новообразованиями показана прямая зависимость частоты выявления мутаций в генах от размеров и характера опухолевого очага. Полученные результаты позволяют проводить как скрининг пациентов из групп риска, так и дифференцировать больных в зависимости от размеров и характера опухолевого очага.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: analysis of the frequency of mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 genes in circulating tumour DNA and genotypes of polymorphic marker C3435T of ABCB1 gene.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Between 2015 and 2022, 272 patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms were examined. Patients were divided into study groups (choroidal melanomas, group I (n=141), suspicious, group II (n=67) and beingn, group III (n=64) choroidal nevi).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In group I, at least one mutation in the GNAQ/GNA11 genes was detected in 95%, of which two mutations were detected in 24.8% and three mutations in 11.3% of patients. In group II, one mutation was detected in 73.1%, with two mutations in 4.5% of patients. In group III, one mutation in the GNAQ/GNA11 genes was detected in 13 patients (20.3%). In group II, the frequency of mutations in GNAQ/ GNA11 genes was significantly higher than in group III (OR = 10.68 (4.73 to 24.1), F=0.0000001, ξ2 = 36.64). In group I, the frequency of CC genotype of polymorphic marker C3435T of ABCB1 gene was significantly lower compared to group II, and the frequency of CT genotype was significantly higher compared to group II.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the present work on 272 patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms a direct dependence of the frequency of mutations detection in genes on the size and character of the tumour focus was shown. The obtained results allow both screening of patients from risk groups and differentiation of patients depending on the size and nature of the tumour focus.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>увеальная меланома</kwd><kwd>невус хориоидеи</kwd><kwd>цоДНК</kwd><kwd>GNAQ</kwd><kwd>GNA11</kwd><kwd>ABCB1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uveal melanoma</kwd><kwd>iris melanoma</kwd><kwd>ctDNA</kwd><kwd>GNAQ</kwd><kwd>GNA11</kwd><kwd>ABCB1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalirai H., Tsygankov A.I., Thornton S., et al. Genetics of Uveal Melanoma. In: Khetan, V. (eds) Intraocular Tumors. Springer, Singapore; 2020 doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0395-5_7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalirai H., Tsygankov A.I., Thornton S., et al. Genetics of Uveal Melanoma. In: Khetan, V. (eds) Intraocular Tumors. 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