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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2025.03.26-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2624</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика гематологических и молекулярно-генетических особенностей бета-талассемии в лабораторной практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Description of hematologic and molecular genetic features of beta-thalassemia in laboratory practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сливинский</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slivinskiy</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сливинский Дмитрий Сергеевич</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitriy.slivinskiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусонова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musonova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазинг</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazing</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jakovenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, Б. Сампсониевский пр-т, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 B. Sampsonievsky pr. Saint Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, наб. реки Карповки, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Karpovka r. em., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-производственная Фирма «ХЕЛИКС» (ООО «НПФ «ХЕЛИКС»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and production Company «HELIX»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Лабораторная служба «ХЕЛИКС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Laboratory Service «HELIX»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сливинский Д.С., Назаров В.Д., Мусонова А.К., Сидоренко Д.В., Лапин С.В., Мазинг А.В., Моисеев И.С., Быкова Т.А., Яковенко А.А., Васильев А.В., Денисов Д.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сливинский Д.С., Назаров В.Д., Мусонова А.К., Сидоренко Д.В., Лапин С.В., Мазинг А.В., Моисеев И.С., Быкова Т.А., Яковенко А.А., Васильев А.В., Денисов Д.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Slivinskiy D.S., Nazarov V.D., Musonova A.K., Sidorenko D.V., Lapin S.V., Mazing A.V., Moiseev I.S., Bykova T.A., Jakovenko A.A., Vasiliev A.V., Denisov D.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2624">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2624</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Бета-талассемия − одно из самых распространенных наследственных заболеваний, характеризующееся снижением или полным отсутствием синтеза бета-глобиновой цепи. Показатели общего анализа крови (ОАК) пациентов с бета-талассемией часто схожи с другими микроцитарными гипохромными анемиями, что затрудняет их использование для дифференциальной диагностики анемий. Бета-талассемия все чаще выявляется в неэндемичных регионах, к которым относится РФ. Тем не менее, в нашей стране встречаемость, а также лабораторные и молекулярно-генетические особенности бета-талассемии изучены недостаточно.Цель. Охарактеризовать гематологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности бета-талассемии в лабораторной практике.Материалы и методы. Изучались результаты ОАК 58266 пациентов старше 18 лет. По результатам ОАК отбирались пациенты, имеющие значения показателей гемоглобина и/или среднего объема эритроцита и/или среднего содержания гемоглобина в эритроците ниже референсных. Для дальнейшей дифференцировки использовались расчетные индексы Mentzer и Sirdah. Пациентам, у которых значения обоих индексов были ниже пороговых, проводилось прямое автоматическое секвенирование по Сэнгеру гена НВВ.Результаты. Из 58266 пациентов 20040 (34,39%) имели значения Hb и/или MCV и/или MCH ниже референсных. Значения обоих расчетных индексов указывали на бета-талассемию у 182 пациентов (0,91% пациентов с изменениями ОАК, 0,31% от всех обследованных лиц). Методом прямого автоматического секвенирования по Сэнгеру патогенные варианты гена HBB, характерные для бета-талассемии, были выявлены у 64 пациентов, что составляет 0,32% пациентов с изменениями ОАК или 0,109% от всех обследованных лиц. Наиболее распространенным патогенным вариантом гена HBB в данном исследовании является c.25_26del (rs35497102) (21,8%).Выводы. Всего в данном исследовании было обнаружено 20 различных патогенных вариантов, расположенных во всех участках гена HBB, что подчеркивает необходимость изучения нуклеотидной последовательности всего гена при диагностике бета-талассемии молекулярно-генетическими методами. Результаты, полученные в данном исследовании, показывают, что использование показателей ОАК и расчетных эритроцитарных индексов позволяет дифференцировать пациентов на группы риска, тем не менее, данные методы не обладают высокой чувствительностью. Необходима разработка более эффективных методов дифференциальной диагностики бета-талассемии от других микроцитарных гипохромных анемий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common inherited disorders characterized by reduced or complete absence of beta-globin chain synthesis. The CBC parameters of patients with beta-thalassemia are often similar to other microcytic hypochromic anemias, which makes it difficult to use these parameters for the purpose of differential diagnosis of anemias. The prevalence of beta-thalassemia is increasing in non-endemic regions, including the Russian Federation. However, in our country, the prevalence, laboratory and molecular genetic features of beta-thalassemia remain insufficiently studied.Objective: to characterize hematological and molecular genetic features of beta-thalassemia in laboratory practice.Methods. The present study examined the results of CBC of 58266 patients over 18 years of age. Patients with hemoglobin and/or mean corpuscular volume and/or mean corpuscular hemoglobin values below the reference values were selected according to the results of a complete blood count. Mentzer and Sirdah’s calculated indices were utilised for further differentiation. Patients with both indices below the threshold values were subjected to direct automatic Sanger sequencing of the HBB gene.Results. Among 58266 patients, 20040 (34.39%) had Hb and/or MCV and/or MCH values below reference values. Values of both calculated indices indicated beta-thalassemia in 182 patients (0.91% among patients with CBC changes, 0.31% among all subjects). Using the Sanger direct automatic sequencing method, pathogenic variants of the HBB gene were identified in 64 patients, which is 0.32% among patients with CBC changes or 0.109% among all examined individuals. The most common pathogenic variant of the HBB gene in this study is c.25_26del (rs35497102) (21.8%).Conclusions. A total of 20 different pathogenic variants located in all regions of the HBB gene were detected in this study, which underlines the necessity of studying the nucleotide sequence of the entire gene in the diagnosis of beta-thalassemia using molecular genetic methods. The findings of this study demonstrate that the utilisation of CBC and calculated erythrocyte indices possesses the capacity to categorise patients into distinct risk groups; nevertheless, these methodologies are not characterised by a high degree of sensitivity. The development of more effective methods of differential diagnosis of beta-thalassemia from other microcytic hypochromic anemias is necessary.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бета-талассемия</kwd><kwd>ген НВВ</kwd><kwd>ОАК</kwd><kwd>индекс Mentzer</kwd><kwd>индекс Sirdah</kwd><kwd>секвенирование по Сэнгеру</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>beta-thalassemia</kwd><kwd>HBB gene</kwd><kwd>CBC</kwd><kwd>Mentzer index</kwd><kwd>Sirdah index</kwd><kwd>Sanger sequencing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goonasekera H.W., Paththinige C.S., Dissanayake V.H.W. 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