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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2025.03.14-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2623</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наследственные болезни в Моздокском районе Республики Северная Осетия – Алания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hereditary diseases in the Mozdok region of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">renazinchenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тебиева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tebieva</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>362007, Республика Северная Осетия-Алания, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, д. 40</p><p>362003, г. Владикавказ, ул. Барбашова, д. 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>40, Pushkinskaya st, Vladikavkaz, 362007</p><p>33, Barbashova str., Vladikavkaz, 362003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадышев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyshev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртазина</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtazina</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровиков</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovikov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>249040, г. Обнинск, тер. Студгородок, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Studgorodok st., Obninsk, 249040</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марахонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marakhonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ельчинова</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elchinova</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амелина</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amelina</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>29, Nakhichevansky per., Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гетоева</surname><given-names>З. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Getoeva</surname><given-names>Z. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>354057, г. Сочи, ул. Дагомысская ул, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Dagomysskaya st., Sochi, 354057</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Медико-генетическая консультация Республиканской детской клинической больницы Республики Северная Осетия-Алания</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Ossetian State Medical Academy; Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Обнинский институт атомной энергетики − филиал ФГАОУ Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр охраны материнства и детства г. Сочи Министерства Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood in Sochi</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зинченко Р.А., Тебиева И.С., Кадышев В.В., Муртазина А.Ф., Боровиков А.О., Галкина В.А., Перепелов А.В., Марахонов А.В., Ельчинова Г.И., Амелина С.С., Гетоева З.К., Куцев С.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зинченко Р.А., Тебиева И.С., Кадышев В.В., Муртазина А.Ф., Боровиков А.О., Галкина В.А., Перепелов А.В., Марахонов А.В., Ельчинова Г.И., Амелина С.С., Гетоева З.К., Куцев С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinchenko R.A., Tebieva I.S., Kadyshev V.V., Murtazina A.F., Borovikov A.O., Galkina V.A., Perepelov A.V., Marakhonov A.V., Elchinova G.I., Amelina S.S., Getoeva Z.K., Kutsev S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2623">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2623</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Роль наследственной патологии (НП) в заболеваемости человека с каждым годом становится более значимой, что связано с увеличением числа фенотипов с идентифицированными молекулярно-генетическими причинами их возникновения, доступной для здравоохранения диагностикой НП и, как следствие, возрастанием исследований в данной области. Представлены результаты медико-генетического обследования населения Моздокского района Республики Северная Осетия –Алания (РСОА).Методы. Численность обследованного населения района составила 90 244 человек. Обследованное население Моздокского района представлено тремя основными этническими группами: русские – 44172 (48,95%), кумыки – 16123 (17,87%), осетины – 7841 (8,69 %), представители других 13 этнических групп составили 22 108 человек (24,49 %). Население района обследовано по методологии генетико-эпидемиологических исследований малых по численности популяций, разработанной в ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова. Рассчитан груз (на 1000 обследованных) и описано разнообразие для основных этнических групп аутосомно-доминантной (АД), аутосомно-рецессивной (АР) и Х-сцепленной (Х-сц.) патологии. Сравнение груза между этническими группами проведен методом χ2, анализ значений распространенности НП − с использованием критерия Фишера.Результаты. Выявлено 107 нозологий НП у 333 больных из 241 семьи. Кумулятивная распространенность НП составила 1:264 человека с вариацией по основным этническим группам: кумыки 1:148, осетины 1:201, русские 1:433. Разнообразие частой НП (1:30000 и чаще) составило 33 заболевания (13 с АД, 10 с АР и 10 с Х-сц. наследованием). Данная группа НП выявлена у 248 больных (74,43%). Определена частая НП в разных этнических группах. Подтверждающая диагностика методами высокопроизводительного секвенирования. секвенирования по Сэнгеру и мультиплексной лигазозависимой амплификации (MLPA) проведена 122 пациентам с НП, диагноз подтвержден у 91 больного (74,59%).Выводы. Полученные значения кумулятивной распространенности АД, АР и Х-сц. болезней в Моздокском районе РСОА характеризуются изменчивостью с большим диапазоном величин – от 2,01/1000 у русских до 9,49/1000 у кумыков г. Моздок. Для каждого этноса определен перечень частой НП. Такая изменчивость характерна и для других полиэтнических популяций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The global burden of hereditary pathologies (HP) continues to rise, driven by advancements in molecular diagnostics, expanded phenotype characterization (7,586 disorders cataloged in OMIM), and increased accessibility of genetic testing in public healthcare. This study investigates the prevalence and spectrum of HPs in the ethnically diverse population of Mozdok District, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNO-A), to elucidate genetic disease patterns across distinct demographic groups.Methods. A population-based genetic epidemiological study was conducted among 90,244 individuals in Mozdok District, comprising three primary ethnic groups: Russians (48.95%, n = 44,172), Kumyks (17.87%, n = 16,123), and Ossetians (8.69%, n = 7,841), alongside 13 smaller groups (24.49%, n = 22,108). Utilizing a methodology developed by the Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), the burden of HPs (per 1,000 individuals) was calculated, and disease diversity was analyzed for autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), and X-linked disorders. Comparative analyses of prevalence across ethnic groups employed chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact test. Confirmatory genetic testing (high-throughput sequencing, Sanger sequencing, MLPA) was performed in select cases.Results. A total of 333 patients (from 241 families) were diagnosed with 107 distinct HPs. The cumulative HP prevalence was 3.79 per 1,000 individuals (1:264), with significant ethnic variation: Kumyks exhibited the highest burden (6.76/1,000; 1:148), followed by Ossetians (4.98/1,000; 1:201) and Russians (2.31/1,000; 1:433). Thirty-three frequent HPs (prevalence ≥1:30,000) accounted for 74.43% of cases (n = 248), including 13 AD, 10 AR, and 10 X-linked disorders. Genetic confirmation was achieved in 74.59% of tested cases (n = 91/122).Conclusions. This study highlights substantial ethnic disparities in HP prevalence within Mozdok District, ranging from 2.01/1,000 in Russians to 9.49/1,000 in Kumyks. Each ethnic group demonstrated a unique profile of frequent HPs, reflecting founder effects or consanguinity patterns. These findings align with trends observed in other multi-ethnic populations and underscore the</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственная патология</kwd><kwd>отягощенность населения наследственными болезнями</kwd><kwd>разнообразие наследственных заболеваний</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>Моздокский район</kwd><kwd>Республика Северная Осетия Алания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary pathology</kwd><kwd>burden of population with hereditary diseases</kwd><kwd>diversity of hereditary diseases</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic diagnostics</kwd><kwd>Mozdok district</kwd><kwd>Republic of North Ossetia-Alania</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание ФГБНУ МГНЦ. Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам ФГБНУ МГНЦ, Министерству здравоохранения РСОА и всем медицинским работникам республики, участвовавшим в настоящем исследовании.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">State assignment for the Research Centre for Medical Genetics.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/OMIM (дата обращения 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. 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