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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2024.12.44-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2586</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мультилокусные нарушения в структуре болезней геномного импринтинга в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multilocus imprinting disturbances in the structure of imprinting disorders in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панченко Елизавета Григорьевна</p><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1;117513, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta G. Panchenko</p><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478; 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pangen1994@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетникова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеснокова</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chesnokova</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сигин</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sigin</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агеева</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ageeva</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусатова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musatova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немцова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemtsova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1; 119048, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478; 8/2, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залетаев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaletaev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelnikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1;117513, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechie st., Moscow, 115478; 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова; ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова МЗ РФ (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панченко Е.Г., Симонова О.А., Решетникова А.А., Ефремова А.В., Чеснокова Г.Г., Сигин В.О., Агеева Ф.А., Володин И.В., Николаева А.Ф., Казакова С.А., Мусатова В.В., Немцова М.В., Залетаев Д.В., Стрельников В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панченко Е.Г., Симонова О.А., Решетникова А.А., Ефремова А.В., Чеснокова Г.Г., Сигин В.О., Агеева Ф.А., Володин И.В., Николаева А.Ф., Казакова С.А., Мусатова В.В., Немцова М.В., Залетаев Д.В., Стрельников В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panchenko E.G., Simonova O.A., Reshetnikova A.A., Efremova A.V., Chesnokova G.G., Sigin V.O., Ageeva F.A., Volodin I.V., Nikolaeva A.F., Kazakova S.A., Musatova V.V., Nemtsova M.V., Zaletaev D.V., Strelnikov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2586">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2586</self-uri><abstract><p>Болезни геномного импринтинга (БГИ) являются следствием нарушений механизма геномного импринтинга, регулирующего экспрессию гомологичных аллелей генов различного родительского происхождения в импринтированных районах хромосом. Для отдельно взятой БГИ характерна аномалия метилирования в пределах специфичного для нее импринтированного района. Для мультилокусных нарушений импринтинга (MLID) характерны аномалии метилирования в нескольких импринтированных районах. Для БГИ установлены четыре класса молекулярно-генетических изменений: делеции/дупликации, однородительские дисомии, эпимутации и мутации в импринтированных генах. MLID выявляются чаще среди пациентов с эпимутациями. Причинами MLID являются патогенные варианты в генах, кодирующих ооцитарные и зиготические факторы развития эмбриона, таких как NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, KHDC3L, OOEP, PADI6, TLE6, UHRF1, ZFP57, ARID4A, ZAR1, ZFP42, ZNF445, TRIM28, участвующих в жизненном цикле импринтинга. Наличие таких вариантов в семье пациента с MLID существенно увеличивает риск репродуктивных потерь и рождения детей с БГИ и MLID в отличие от однолокусной эпимутации в пределах одного импринтированного хромосомного района, что делает важным дообследование на MLID пациентов с однолокусной эпимутацией. В ходе исследования проведена метилчувствительная мультиплексная лигаза-зависимая амплификация зондов районов 6q24.2; 7q32.2; 11p15.5; 14q32.2; 15q11.2; 19q13.43; 20q13.32 (МЧ-MLPA MLID) на 209 образцах ДНК пациентов обоих полов. В выборке пациентов с ранее подтвержденными диагнозами БГИ без CNVs (113 образцов) ранее полученные результаты были подтверждены в 113 случаях, дополнительно удалось выявить MLID в 7 (6,2%) случаях. При сравнении спектра БГИ в выборках пациентов с ранее выявленными БГИ без CNVs и впервые выявленными БГИ показан рост выявляемости синдрома Темпл с 1 (0,9%) до 5 случаев (15,2%) с использованием МЧ-MLPA MLID. В выборке с ранее не подтвержденными диагнозами БГИ (25 образцов) удалось не только молекулярно-генетически подтвердить клинические диагнозы в 6 (24,0%) случаях, но и выявить аномалии метилирования, отличные от предполагаемых клинических диагнозов, в 2 (8,0%) случаях, а также MLID в 4 случаях (16,0%). В группе пациентов, впервые направленных на диагностику БГИ (56 образцов) молекулярно-генетически были подтверждены клинические диагнозы в 17 (30,4%) случаях, выявлены другие молекулярные нарушения в 3 (5,4%) случаях, MLID выявлены в 1 случае (1,8%). По результатам оценки фенотипа пациентов с MLID показано, что фенотипические признаки MLID могут совпадать с признаками известных БГИ, частично перекрываться с признаками отдельных известных БГИ и быть неспецифичными, что затрудняет клиническую диагностику. В ходе полногеномного исследования пациента с ТНСД-MLID был выявлен ранее не описанный гомозиготный вариант NM_001109809.4.8(ZFP57): c.115delG (p.Val39fs), который согласно критериям ACMG был расценен как вероятно патогенный (PVS1+PM2). Родители являются гетерозиготными носителями варианта, что определяет риск повторного деторождения с ТНСД-MLID в 25%. По результатам исследования предложен алгоритм диагностики БГИ, где МЧ-MLPA MLID является тестом первой линии.   </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Imprinting disorders (ImpDis) are a consequence of violations of the mechanism of genomic imprinting, which regulates the expression of homologous alleles of genes of different parental origin in imprinted regions of chromosomes. A solitary ImpDis is characterized by a methylation anomaly within its specific imprinted region. Multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID) are characterized by methylation abnormalities in several imprinted regions. Four classes of molecular anomalies have been established for ImpDis: deletions/duplications, uniparental disomies, epimutations, and mutations in imprinted genes. MLID are detected more often among patients with epimutations. The causes of MLID are pathogenic variants in genes encoding oocytic and zygotic factors of embryo development, such as NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, KHDC3L, OOEP, PADI6, TLE6, UHRF1, ZFP57, ARID4A, ZAR1, ZNF445, TRIM28, involved in the life cycle of imprinting. The presence of causative variants in MLID-associated genes in the family of a patient with MLID significantly increases the risk of reproductive losses and the birth of children with ImpDis and MLID, as opposed to single-locus epimutation within one imprinted chromosomal region, which makes it important to follow-up on MLID among patients with single-locus epimutation. In the research, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of regions 6q24.2; 7q32.2; 11p15.5; 14q32.2; 15q11.2; 19q13.43; 20q13.32 (MS-MLPA MLID) was applied to 209 DNA samples of patients both sexes. In a group of patients with previously confirmed ImpDis without CNVs (113 samples), previous results were confirmed in 113 cases, and MLID were additionally detected in 7 (6.2%) cases. The comparison of ImpDis’s spectrum between samples with previously confirmed ImpDis without CNVs and newly identified diagnosis shows an increase in the detection of the Temple syndrome from 1 (0.9%) case to 5 (15.2%) cases using МS-MLPA MLID. Among group of patients with previously unconfirmed diagnoses (25 samples), not only have we successfully confirmed diagnoses with molecular genetics in 6 (24.0%) cases, but also, we have identified methylation abnormalities different from the expected clinical syndromes in 2 (8.0%) cases, and MLID in 4 cases (16.0%). In the group of patients newly referred for the diagnosis (56 samples), clinical diagnoses were confirmed by molecular genetics in 17 (30.4%) cases, different molecular disorders were detected in 3 (5.4%) cases, MLID were detected in 1 case (1.8%). Based on the results of the assessment of the phenotype of patients with MLID, it is shown, that the phenotypic signs of MLID may coincide with the signs of known ImpDis, partially overlap with the signs of some known ImpDis and can be non-specific, which makes clinical diagnosis difficult. During the whole-genome analysis of patient with TNDM-MLID, previously undescribed homozygous variant NM_001109809.4.8(ZFP57): c.115delG (p.Val39fs) has been revealed and assessed as likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2) according to ACMG criteria. Both parents are heterozygous carriers, which determines the risk of rebirth of a child with TNDM-MLID at 25%. Based on the results of the research, the algorithm for the diagnosis of ImpDis has been proposed, with MS-MLPA MLID as first-line test.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезни геномного импринтинга</kwd><kwd>мультилокусные нарушения импринтинга</kwd><kwd>ДНК-диагностика</kwd><kwd>метилчувствительная MLPA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>imprinting disorders</kwd><kwd>multilocus imprinting disturbances</kwd><kwd>DNA diagnostics</kwd><kwd>MS-MLPA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ МГНЦ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out according to the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the Research Centre for Medical Genetics.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackay D.J.G., Gazdagh G., Monk D. et al. 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