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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2024.10.21-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинический полиморфизм и генетическая гетерогенность  изолированных и синдромальных форм пигментного ретинита  в закрытых изолятах Республики Бурятия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical polymorphism and genetic heterogeneity of isolated and syndromal forms of retinitis  pigmentosa in closed isolates of the Republic of Buryatia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадышев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyshev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва,  ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averyanova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аверьянова Светлана Викторовна</p><p>664033, г. Иркутск,  ул. Лермонтова, д. 337 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Averyanova</p><p>337, Lermontova st., Irkutsk, 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asvetlana-87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва,  ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва,  ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва,  ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва,  ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьева</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuryeva</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664033, г. Иркутск,  ул. Лермонтова, д. 337 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>337, Lermontova st., Irkutsk, 664033</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс «Микрохирургия глаза» &#13;
имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России, Иркутский филиал</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.N. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Research Center Ministry of Health of Russia, Irkutsk branch</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадышев В.В., Аверьянова С.В., Кузнецова С.В., Зинченко Р.А., Степанова А.А., Куцев С.И., Юрьева Т.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадышев В.В., Аверьянова С.В., Кузнецова С.В., Зинченко Р.А., Степанова А.А., Куцев С.И., Юрьева Т.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadyshev V.V., Averyanova S.V., Kuznetsova S.V., Zinchenko R.A., Stepanova A.A., Kutsev S.I., Yuryeva T.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2560">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2560</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пигментный ретинит (ПР) представляет собой группу наследственных дегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки, возникающих в результате прогрессирующей гибели клеток пигментного эпителия, фоторецепторных клеток палочек, а затем колбочек, что приводит к постепенной потере зрения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить клинический полиморфизм и генетическую гетерогенность изолированных и синдромальных форм ПР в закрытых изолятах Республики Бурятия.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В выборку включены 74 пациента с предварительным диагнозом изолированный ПР или синдромальный ПР (синдром Ашера). В данном сообщении описана структура наследственных пигментных дистрофий сетчатки в закрытых изолятах Республики Бурятия на основании данных клинических, инструментальных (оптической когерентной томографии, электроретинографии) и молекулярно-генетических методов диагностики (высокопроизводительное секвенирование (NGS), секвенирование по Сэнгеру, мультиплексная лигазная цепная реакция (MLPA)).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В обследованной когорте больных выявлены варианты в 13 генах: с наибольшей частотой установлены мутации в генах USH2A (58,8%), CHM (23,5%) и NR2E3(17,6%), с равной частотой 11,8% в генах GUCY2D, SNRNP200, TULP1, CEP290. В единичных случаях (5,9%) выявлены мутации в генах ABCA4, GRK1, MY07A, PDE6A, RP1L1, TTC21B. В 64,7% верифицированные мутации являются патогенными, в 17,6% – вероятно патогенными и еще в 17,6% – мутации с неизвестными клиническими значениями, имеющее возможное отношение к фенотипу. Проанализировав количественное распределение пациентов по определенным типам наследования, установили, что 83,4% больных имеют аутосомно-рецессивное заболевания, 8,3% – аутосомно-доминантное, 8,3% – Х-сцепленное рецессивное. В большинстве случаев верифицированы изменения в гене USH 2A (ашерин), у 10 человек из 17 давших согласие на молекулярно-генетическое исследование, что, в свою очередь, позволило установить клинико-генетический диагноз синдром Ашера 2А типа у 6 пробандов, изолированный ПР 39 типа – 4 пробандов, из них у 3 пациентов с классическим течением ПР, у 1 – с беспигментной формой.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Междисциплинарное обследование с учетом данных клинико-инструментальной и молекулярно-генетической диагностики позволило изучить клинический полиморфизм генетически гетерогенной группы заболеваний сетчатки среди староверов, проживающих на территории Республики Бурятия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited degenerative retinal diseases resulting from the progressive death of cells of the pigment epithelium, photoreceptor cells - rods and then cones, which leads to gradual loss of vision.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to study the clinical polymorphism and genetic heterogeneity of isolated and syndromal forms of retinitis pigmentosa in closed isolates of the Republic of Buryatia.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The sample included 74 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of isolated retinitis pigmentosa or syndromal retinitis pigmentosa (Usher syndrome) according to the data of routine methods of research, living in closed isolates of the Republic of Buryatia. This report describes the structure of hereditary retinal pigment dystrophies in closed isolates of the Republic of Buryatia based on the data of clinical, instrumental (optical coherence tomography, electroretinography) and molecular genetic diagnostic methods (NGS, Sanger sequencing, MLPA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among the examined group of population mutations were found in 13 genes with the highest frequency of mutations in USH2A (58,8%) and CHM (23,5%), NR2E3(17,6%) genes, with equal frequency of 11,8% in GUCY2D, SNRNP200, TULP1, CEP290 genes. ABCA4, GRK1, MY07A, PDE6A, RP1L1, TTC21B mutations were identified in one case (5.9%). In 64.7% of the identified mutations were pathogenic, in 17.6% were probably pathogenic and in another 17.6% were mutations with unknown clinical significance with possible relevance to the phenotype. Analyzing the quantitative distribution of patients according to certain types of inheritance, it was found that 83.4% of patients had autosomal recessive disease, 8.3% had autosomal dominant disease, and 8.3% had X-linked recessive disease. Changes in USH2A (Usherin) gene were verified in the majority of cases, in 10 out of 17 people who gave their consent for molecular genetic study, which, in its turn, allowed to establish the clinical and genetic diagnosis of Usher syndrome type 2A in 6 probands, isolated retinitis pigmentosa type 39 in 4 probands, including 3 patients with classic course of PR, 1 - with pigmentless form.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An interdisciplinary survey taking into account the data of clinical-instrumental and molecular genetic diagnostics allowed us to study the clinical polymorphism of a genetically heterogeneous group of retinal diseases among the Old Believers living in the territory of the Republic of Buryatia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственные дистрофии сетчатки</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>офтальмология</kwd><kwd>пигментный ретинит</kwd><kwd>синдром Ашера</kwd><kwd>клинический полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>генетическая гетерогенность</kwd><kwd>изолят Республики Бурятия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary retinal dystrophies</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>ophthalmology</kwd><kwd>retinitis pigmentosa</kwd><kwd>Usher syndrome</kwd><kwd>clinical polymorphism</kwd><kwd>genetic heterogeneity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ МГНЦ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work has been funded by the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for Research  Centre for Medical Genetics.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Z.Y., Liang L.N., Li Y.M., et al. 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