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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2024.08.23-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2527</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка изменчивости груза менделирующих наследственных болезней в популяциях Республики Северная Осетия – Алания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of variability in the genetic load of orphan hereditary diseases in the populations of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинченко Рена Абульфазовна</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rena A. Zinchenko</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">renazinchenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тебиева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tebieva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тебиева И. В.</p><p>362007, Республика Северная Осетия-Алания, г. Владикавказ ул. Пушкинская, д. 40</p><p>362003, Республика Северная Осетия-Алания, г. Владикавказ ул. Барбашова, д. 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tebieva I. V.</p><p>40, Pushkinskaya st, Vladikavkaz, 362007</p><p>33, Barbashova str., Vladikavkaz, 362003, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадышев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyshev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадышев В. В.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kadyshev V. V.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртазина</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtazina</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муртазина А. Ф.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murtazina A. F.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровиков</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovikov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровиков А. О.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Borovikov A. O.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ельчинова</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elchinova</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ельчинова Г. И.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elchinova G. I.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкина В. А.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galkina V. A.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марахонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marakhonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марахонов А. В.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marakhonov A. V.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перепелов А. В.</p><p>249040, г. Обнинск, тер. Студгородок, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perepelov A. V.</p><p>1, Studgorodok st., Obninsk, 249040</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амелина</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amelina</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амелина С. С.</p><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amelina S. S.</p><p>29, Nakhichevansky per., Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куцев С. И.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kutsev S. I.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гинтер</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ginter</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гинтер Е. К.</p><p>15522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ginter E. K.</p><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Республиканская детская клиническая больница Республики Северная Осетия-Алания</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Ossetian State Medical Academy; Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Обнинский институт атомной энергетики - филиал ФГАОУ ВО Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зинченко Р.А., Тебиева И.В., Кадышев В.В., Муртазина А.Ф., Боровиков А.О., Ельчинова Г.И., Галкина В.А., Марахонов А.В., Перепелов А.В., Амелина С.С., Куцев С.И., Гинтер Е.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зинченко Р.А., Тебиева И.В., Кадышев В.В., Муртазина А.Ф., Боровиков А.О., Ельчинова Г.И., Галкина В.А., Марахонов А.В., Перепелов А.В., Амелина С.С., Куцев С.И., Гинтер Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinchenko R.A., Tebieva I.V., Kadyshev V.V., Murtazina A.F., Borovikov A.O., Elchinova G.I., Galkina V.A., Marakhonov A.V., Perepelov A.V., Amelina S.S., Kutsev S.I., Ginter E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2527">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2527</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Данные о грузе орфанных наследственных болезней (ОНБ) в популяциях человека немногочисленны, его оценки вариабельны по популяциям и этническим группам и в среднем составляют 0,5-2% населения. Представлены результаты комплексного генетико-эпидемиологического исследования населения Республики Северная Осетия Алания (РСО-А). </p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Исследование проведено в восьми сельских районах и г. Владикавказе, численность обследованного населения 543 817 человек. Обследование населения проведено в соответствии с протоколом генетико-эпидемиологических исследований, разработанном в ФГБНУ МГНЦ. Осмотрено 11199 пациентов с предположительно ОНБ. Диагноз ОНБ поставлен 2115 больным из 1489 семей. Оценен груз (на 1000 человек) аутосомно-доминантных (АД), аутосомно-рецессивных (АР) и Х-сцепленных (Х-сц.) болезней в городском и сельском населении. Показатели значений груза между популяцииями сравнивались методом χ2 .  Корреляционный анализ (по Пирсону) между величиной груза и показателями генетической структуры проведен в Statistica v.23.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Отягощенность АД, АР и Х-сц. патологией сельского населения (3,21; 2,45; 0,99 соответственно) почти в два раза выше, чем городского (1,42; 1,52; 0,81). Выявлена изменчивость величины груза между популяциями. Максимальные значения груза зарегистрированы в Ирафском районе (в райцентре − 4,94, у сельчан − 11,72), минимальные − в г.Владикавказе 2,69/1000. Для объяснения такой изменчивости проведен корреляционный анализ между величиной груза ОНБ и генетической структурой 17 популяций, который показал ведущую роль дрейфа генов в выявленной дифференциации. Во всех случаях получены значимые коэффициенты &gt;0,80.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные значения груза АД, АР и Х-сц. болезней в популяциях РСО-А характеризуются изменчивостью с большим диапазоном величин (2,96—11,72/1000). Такая вариабельность характерна для популяций малых по численности этносов: в Карачаево-Черкессии (4,76—11,82/1000), в Татарстане (5,20—11,70/1000), в Башкортостане (3,83—9,08/1000) и др. В регионах проживания русского населения также наблюдается вариация груза ОНБ, но абсолютные значения ниже.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Data on the genetic load of orphan hereditary diseases (OHDs) in human populations are few, variable across populations and ethnic groups, and on average account for 0.5-2% of the population. The results of a comprehensive genetic epidemiologic study of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia  Alania (RNOA) are presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study was conducted in eight rural districts and the city of Vladikavkaz, with a total population of 543,817 people. The population was examined in accordance with the protocol of genetic epidemiologic studies developed in RCMG. 11199 patients with congenital and presumptive OHDs were examined. The diagnosis of OHDs was made in 2115 patients from 1489 families. The genetic load (per 1000 people) of AD, AR, and X-linked diseases in urban and rural populations was estimated. Rates of genetic load values between populations were compared using the χ2 method. Pearson correlation analysis between genetic load values and measures of genetic structure was performed in Statistica v. 23.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The genetic load of AD, AR, and X-linked pathology in rural populations (3.21; 2.45; 0.99, respectively) was almost twice as high as in urban populations (1.42; 1.52; 0.81). Variability in the magnitude of genetic load between populations was revealed. The maximum genetic load values were registered in Irafsky district (4.94 in the district center, 11.72 in the rural population), and the minimum in Vladikavkaz (2.69/1000). To explain the heterogeneity of the OHDs load, a correlation between the OHDs load and the genetic structure of 17 populations was carried out, which showed the leading role of genetic drift in the revealed differentiation. Significant coefficients &gt;0.80 were obtained in all cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The obtained values of AD, AR and X-linked disease genetic load in RNOA populations are characterized by variability with a large range of values (2.96-11.72/1000). Such variability is characteristic of populations of small ethnic groups: in Karachay-Cherkessia (4.76-11.82/1000), in Tatarstan (5.20-11.70/1000), in Bashkortostan (3.83-9.08/1000) and others. In the regions with Russian population there is also a variation of the OHDs genetic load, but the absolute values are lower.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>груз орфанных наследственных болезней</kwd><kwd>факторы микроэволюции</kwd><kwd>генетический дрейф</kwd><kwd>миграции</kwd><kwd>естественный отбор</kwd><kwd>Республика Северная Осетия Алания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic load of orphan hereditary diseases</kwd><kwd>the influence of microevolution factors</kwd><kwd>genetic drift</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>natural selection</kwd><kwd>Republic of North Ossetia Alania</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «МГНЦ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out according to the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the RCMG.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Procedural document on Epidemiology of rare disease in Orphanet, Orphanet, February 2019, Version 01. https://www.orpha.net/orphacom/cahiers/docs/GB/Epidemiology_in_Orphanet_R1_Ann_Epi_EP_05.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Procedural document on Epidemiology of rare disease in Orphanet, Orphanet, February 2019, Version 01. https://www.orpha.net/ orphacom/cahiers/docs/GB/Epidemiology_in_Orphanet_R1_Ann_Epi_EP_05.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. 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