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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2024.07.51-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2509</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мутационный статус генов BRAF, NRAS   в опухолевом материале пациентов с диагнозом меланома кожи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mutational status of BRAF, NRAS genes in tumor material  of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефанова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350063, г. Краснодар, ул. имени Митрофана Седина, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina st., Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порханова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porkhanova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350063, г. Краснодар, ул. имени Митрофана Седина, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina st., Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350063, г. Краснодар, ул. имени Митрофана Седина, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina st., Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошкина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshkina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14th line st., 63, 344037, Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14th line st., 63, 344037, Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеева Софья Владимировна</p><p>344037, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 14-я линия, д. 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofia V. Timofeeva</p><p>14th line st., 63, 344037, Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timofeeva.sophia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Кубанский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии Министерства здравоохранения России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стефанова Ю.Ю., Порханова Н.В., Мурашко Р.А., Тимошкина Н.В., Максимов А.Ю., Тимофеева С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стефанова Ю.Ю., Порханова Н.В., Мурашко Р.А., Тимошкина Н.В., Максимов А.Ю., Тимофеева С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stefanova Y.Y., Porkhanova N.V., Murashko R.A., Timoshkina N.V., Maksimov A.Y., Timofeeva S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2509">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2509</self-uri><abstract><p>Меланома − это одно из самых опасных злокачественное заболеваний кожи с высоким риском метастазирования и возникновения рецидивов. Исследования генетических и молекулярных характеристик меланомы имеют важное значение для разработки новых стратегий лечения. Целью данного исследования была оценка мутационного статуса генов BRAF, NRAS в опухолевом материале пациентов с диагнозом меланома кожи. Всего в исследование были включены 54 пациента с подтвержденным диагнозом меланома: мужчин было 36% (n=15), а женщин 64% (n=39). Средний возраст на момент постановки диагноза составил 56 лет. ДНК выделяли из тканей опухоли, фиксированных в формалине и заключённых в парафин (FFPE) с использованием коммерческого набора QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (QIAGENE, Германия). Анализ мутации V600E гена BRAF осуществляли методом аллель-специфичной ПЦР в реальном времени с обратной транскрипцией, были проанализированы кодоны 597–601. Методом классической ПЦР (C1000 Touch BioRad, USA) с последующим прямым секвенированием по Сэнгеру (ABI Prism 3500, Applied Biosystems, USA) в гене NRAS были исследованы экзоны 2 и 3. Статистический анализ данных проводили с помощью программы Statistica 7,0. Мутации в гене BRAF были выявлены в 42,6% образцов (мутация V600E 37,1%, V600K 5,4%), а в гене NRAS − в 14,8% (Q61K 7%). В остальных случаях (42,6%) не было обнаружено изменений ни в одном из проанализированных генов. Мутационный статус был тесно связан с анатомическим расположением опухоли. В группе с мутациями в генах BRAF и NRAS (65,3% и 37,0% соответственно; p=0,002) чаще отмечали пациентов с кожным первичным поражением головы и шеи. Митотическую активность чаще обнаруживали в первичных опухолях у пациентов с мутациями в гене NRAS, чем у пациентов с мутациями в гене BRAF (p =0,002).  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Melanoma is a complex disease influenced by changes in multiple genes and metabolic pathways that continue to evolve throughout the disease. Research into the genetic and molecular characteristics of melanoma is important for the development of new treatment strategies. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the survival rate and mutational status of the BRAF and NRAS genes in tumor material from patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma. A total of 54 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma were included in the study: 36% were men (n=15), and women were 64% (n=39). The average age at diagnosis was 56 years. DNA was isolated from sections of paraffin blocks (FFPE) using a commercial kit QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (QIAGENE, Germany). Analysis of the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene was carried out by allele-specific real-time PCR.  Exons 2 and 3 in the NRAS gene were analyzed by classical PCR (C1000 Touch BioRad, USA) followed by direct Sanger sequencing (ABI Prism 3500, Applied Biosystems, USA). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Statistica 7.0 program. BRAF mutations were detected in 42.6% (V600E mutation 37.1%, V600K 5.4%), and NRAS mutations in 14.8% (Q61K 7%). In the remaining cases (42.6%), no changes were detected in any of the genes analyzed. The mutation status was closely related to the anatomical location of the tumor, so in the group with mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes (65.3% and 37.0%, respectively; p = 0.002) patients with cutaneous primary lesions of the head and neck were noted. Mitotic activity was more frequently detected in primary tumors from patients with NRAS mutations than in patients with BRAF mutations (p = 0.002). </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома кожи</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schadendorf D., Fisher D.E., Garbe C., et al. Melanoma. Nature reviews. 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