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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2024.01.26-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2408</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование влияния CAG-полиморфизма гена андрогенового рецептора и родительского происхождения дополнительной Х-хромосомы на клинико-лабораторные показатели у подростков с синдромом Клайнфельтера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the influence of androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism and the parental origin of the additional X chromosome on clinical and laboratory parameters in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беспалюк</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bespalyuk</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117292</p><p>ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117292</p><p>112, Dm.Ulyanova st.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чугунов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chugunov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117292</p><p>ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117292</p><p>112, Dm.Ulyanova st.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115522</p><p>1, Moskvorechye str.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Опарина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oparina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p><p>111123</p><p>улица Новогиреевская, д. 1, к. 1</p><p>119991</p><p> ГСП-1, Абрикосовский пер., д. 2</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115522</p><p>1, Moskvorechye str.</p><p>111123</p><p>1 p. 1, Novogireevskaya st.</p><p>119991</p><p>2, Abrikosovsky per.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115522</p><p>1, Moskvorechye str.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щагина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchagina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522</p><p>ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115522</p><p>1, Moskvorechye str.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kareva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117292</p><p>ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117292</p><p>112, Dm.Ulyanova st.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петеркова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peterkova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117292</p><p>ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117292</p><p>112, Dm.Ulyanova st.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова; ГБУЗ Московский Клинический Научный Центр им. А.С.Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы; ФГБНУ Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Loginov; Russian Resesrch Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беспалюк Д.А., Чугунов И.С., Черных В.Б., Опарина Н.В., Степанова А.А., Щагина О.А., Карева М.А., Петеркова В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беспалюк Д.А., Чугунов И.С., Черных В.Б., Опарина Н.В., Степанова А.А., Щагина О.А., Карева М.А., Петеркова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bespalyuk D.A., Chugunov I.S., Chernykh V.B., Oparina N.V., Stepanova A.A., Shchagina O.A., Kareva M.A., Peterkova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2408">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2408</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Синдром Клайнфельтера (СК) – аномалия половых хромосом, характеризующаяся высокой распространенностью в различных популяциях, гипергонадотропным гипогонадизмом и мужским бесплодием, выраженной клинической вариабельностью симптомов и часто поздней диагностикой. Причины фенотипической вариабельности СК, в том числе роль генетических, эпигенетических и средовых факторов, до сих пор недостаточно изучены.</p></sec><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель: исследование влияния CAG-полиморфизма гена андрогенового рецептора (AR) и родительского происхождения дополнительной Х-хромосомы на клинико-лабораторные показатели у пациентов с СК.</p></sec><sec><title>   Методы</title><p>   Методы. Обследованы 34 пациента с СК от 5 до 18 лет, имеющие кариотипы 47,XXY (n = 32); 48,XXYY (n=1) и mos 47,ХХY[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit22">22</xref>]/46,XY[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit8">8</xref>] (n = 1). Два пациента являлись монозиготными близнецами, остальные не были родственниками. Родительское происхождение Х-хромосом определяли путём генотипирования пациентов и родителей по (CAG)n-полиморфному локусу гена AR и (GAAA)n-полиморфному локусу, расположенному вблизи гена RP2. Влияние родительского происхождения дополнительной хромосомы Х и количества CAG-повторов на клинико-лабораторные показатели оценено у 22 подростков с кариотипом 47,ХХY, достигших стадии полового развития по Таннеру ≥ 2, не получавших заместительную терапию препаратами тестостерона на момент обследования.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Количество CAG-повторов в гене AR у пациентов с СК варьировало от 16 до 27, 22 аллеля (32,4 %) содержали 20 или 21 повтор. По числу CAG-повторов группа из 22 подростков с СК была разделена на 3 подгруппы: носители «коротких» аллелей ((CAG)n ≤ 19; 6 пациентов), «средних» аллелей ((CAG) n = 20–25; 12 пациентов) и «длинных» аллелей ((CAG) n ≥ 26; 4 пациента). Сравнительный анализ данных антропометрии (SDS роста и ИМТ, ΔSDS сегментов тела) не выявил статистически значимых различий между подгруппами. В группе носителей «длинных» аллелей отмечены более высокие уровни тестостерона и инсулина, больший объем тестикул по сравнению с носителями «средних» и «коротких» аллелей. По уровням гонадотропинов (ЛГ, ФСГ), показателям метаболического профиля (ХС общего, ЛПНП, ЛПВП, ТГ), исследуемые группы также не различались. Родительское происхождение дополнительной Х-хромосомы установлено у 33 пациентов, из них у 22 (67 %) выявлено материнское происхождение (Хm), у 11 (33 %) – отцовское (Хр). Анализ влияния происхождения хромосомы Х на показатели антропометрии, гормонального и липидного профиля у отобранных для исследования 22 подростков (из них 15 с дополнительной Хm, 7 с дополнительной Хр) не выявил статистически значимых различий между подгруппами. Таким образом, существенного влияния родительского происхождения дополнительной Х-хромосомы на клинические и гормонально-метаболические показатели в исследованной выборке пациентов с СК не выявлено.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a sex chromosome abnormality characterized by high prevalence in various populations, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, male infertility, pronounced clinical variability of symptoms and commonly late diagnosis. The causes of phenotypic variability of KS, including the influence of genetic, epigenetic and environment factors on it, is still not well understood.</p></sec><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim: evaluation of the CAG polymorphism of androgen receptor (AR) gene and the parental origin of the X chromosomes on clinical and laboratory parameters in Klinefelter syndrome patients.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. We examined 34 KS patients 5-18 years of age with following karyotypes: 47,XXY (n = 32); 48,XXYY (n = 1) и mos 47,ХХY[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit22">22</xref>]/46,XY[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit8">8</xref>] (n = 1). Two patients were monozygotic twins, the other patients were unrelated. Parental origin of the X chromosomes was determined by genotyping for (CAG)n polymorphism of the AR gene and (GAAA)n polymorphism, near to the RP2 gene, in patients and parents. The influence of the origin of the additional X chromosome and CAG-repeats of AR gene on the clinical and laboratory parameters was assessed in 22 adolescents with a karyotype 47,XXY, who had reached the Tanner stage of sexual development ≥2, and not received testosterone replacement therapy at the time of examination.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The number of CAG repeats of the AR gene in KS patients was ranged from 16 to 27, and 22 alleles (32.4%) contained from 20 or 21 repeats. According to CAG-repeats, a group of 22 adolescents with KS was divided into 3 subgroups: carriers of “short” alleles ((CAG) n ≤ 19; 6 patients), “medium” alleles ((CAG) n = 20–25; 12 patients) and “long” alleles ((CAG)n ≥ 26; 4 patients) alleles. Comparative analysis of anthropometric data (SDS of height and BMI, ΔSDS of body segments) did not reveal statistically significant differences between subgroups. In the group of carriers of “long” alleles, higher levels of testosterone and insulin and a larger testicular volume were noted compared to carriers of “medium” and “short” alleles. The study groups also did not differ in the levels of gonadotropins (LH, FSH) and metabolic profile indicators (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG). The parental origin of the additional X chromosome was established in 33 patients, of which 22 (67 %) patients had maternal origin (Xm), and 11 (33 %) individuals had paternal origin (Xp). Analysis of the influence of the origin of the X chromosome on anthropometric indicators, hormonal and lipid profiles in 22 adolescents selected for the study (additional Xm, n=15; additional Xp, n=7) did not reveal statistically significant differences between the subgroups. No significant influence of the parental origin of the additional X chromosome and the CAG polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene on clinical and hormonal-metabolic parameters in our sample of KS patients, was found.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром Клайнфельтера</kwd><kwd>андрогеновый рецептор</kwd><kwd>CAG-полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>родительское происхождение Х-хромосомы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Klinefelter syndrome</kwd><kwd>androgen receptor</kwd><kwd>CAG-polymorphism</kwd><kwd>parental origin of the additional X chromosome</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств Фонда поддержки и развития филантропии «КАФ» (благотворительная программа «Альфа-Эндо»), а также в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «МГНЦ»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Foundation for Support and Development of Philanthropy “KAF” (charitable program “Alpha-Endo”), as well as under the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia for the Research Centre for Medical Genetics</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bojesen A., Juul S., Gravholt C. et al. 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