medgenМедицинская генетикаMedical Genetics2073-7998Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC10.25557/2073-7998.2023.12.12-19medgen-2383Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОРREVIEWКлиническая значимость мутаций в гене PIK3CA в различных молекулярных подтипах рака молочной железыClinical significance of PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer subtypesКоролеваЕ. И.KorolevaE. I.

197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022

НазаровВ. Д.NazarovV. D.

197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022

ЛапинС. В.LapinS. V.

197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022

ВладыкинаА. В.VladykinaA. V.

197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022

АнисимовС. В.AnisimovS. V.

194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 17А, литер А

17A Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

ЩелкановаИ. Ю.ShchelkanovaI. Yu.

194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 17А, литер А

17A Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

ЭмануэльВ. Л.EmanuelV. L.

197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

6-8 Lva Tolstogo st., Saint Petersburg, 197022

ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияI.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationООО «Национальный БиоСервис»РоссияNational BioService, LtdRussian Federation20232312202322121219Copyright © Королева Е.И., Назаров В.Д., Лапин С.В., Владыкина А.В., Анисимов С.В., Щелканова И.Ю., Эмануэль В.Л., 20232023Королева Е.И., Назаров В.Д., Лапин С.В., Владыкина А.В., Анисимов С.В., Щелканова И.Ю., Эмануэль В.Л.Koroleva E.I., Nazarov V.D., Lapin S.V., Vladykina A.V., Anisimov S.V., Shchelkanova I.Y., Emanuel V.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2383

Ген PIK3CA входит в число трех наиболее часто мутирующих онкогенов в структуре различных злокачественных новообразований: его дефекты обнаруживаются в образцах рака молочной железы, эндометрия, мочевого пузыря и других видах опухолей. В настоящий момент наибольшую практическую значимость имеет выявление мутаций у пациентов с гормонположительным HER2-отрицательным раком молочной железы, что обусловлено возможностью применения ингибиторов PI3K в терапии данного заболевания. При других молекулярных подтипах воздействие на мутации гена может позволить преодолеть резистентность и увеличить эффективность стандартного лечения. В данной статье изложено клиническое значение выявления мутаций при гормонположительном, HER2-положительном и трижды негативном раке молочной железы, их влияние на прогноз и тактику ведения пациентов, а также описаны проблемы молекулярно-генетического исследования структуры гена. Кроме того, в статье приведены результаты анализа распространенности конкретных мутаций по данным молекулярно-генетического тестирования 118 пациентов, проведенного в лаборатории ПСПбГМУ имени академика И.П. Павлова.

PIK3CA is one of the three most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers. The highest rate of mutations is found in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer and some other tumors. Due to integration of PI3K inhibitors in clinical practice, PIK3CA testing is necessary for developing treatment strategies for HR-positive HER2-negative patients. However, PIK3CA testing may play an important role in understanding and treatment of HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes as well. We hereby discuss clinical significance of PIK3CA mutations in different molecular breast cancer subtypes and possible genetic testing challenges. The article also presents a frequency analysis of different PIK3CA mutations in a study of 118 patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.