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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2023.12.3-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Редактирование генома эмбрионов человека: этика утилитаризма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genome editing of human embryos: the ethics of utilitarianism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Борисова А.О., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борисова А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borisova A.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2382">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2382</self-uri><abstract><p>Принцип полезности, являющийся основополагающим в этике утилитаризма, выдвигается на первый план для оправдания и законодательного регулирования новых методов диагностики и лечения, в частности, редактирования генома человека. В статье через призму утилитаризма рассмотрены основные этико-правовые тенденции в этой области. Редактирование участка ДНК зародышевой линии человека посредством технологии CRISPR/Cas вызывает множество дискуссий в отношении возможных пользы и риска для индивида и общества. С одной стороны, значительные социальные группы получают шанс на избавление от болезней будущих поколений, с другой стороны – рискам, связанным со специфическими и неспецифическими изменениями в геноме, будут подвергнуты будущие дети, без их согласия на это. Еще одной важной проблемой, которая рассматривается в статье с позиций утилитаризма, являются социальные последствия геномного редактирования, такие как социальная дискриминация, в случае если технология будет применена для улучшения человека. Объектом исследования стал один из наиболее обсуждаемых и спорных вопросов в биоэтике − редактирование генома эмбрионов человека. В статье приведен этико-философский анализ правовых аспектов редактирования генома эмбрионов человека с точки зрения утилитаризма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The principle of utility comes to the fore to justify and legislate new diagnostic and treatment methods, in particular human genome editing. The article examines the main ethical and legal trends in this area through the prism of utilitarianism. Editing a portion of human germline DNA using CRISPR/Cas technology has generated much debate regarding the possible benefits and risks for individuals and society. On the one hand, significant social groups get a chance to get rid of the disease in future generations, on the other hand, future children will be exposed to risks associated with specific and nonspecific changes in the genome, without their consent. Another important problem that is considered in the article from the perspective of utilitarianism is the social consequences of genome editing, such as social discrimination, if the technology is used to human enhancement. The object of the study is one of the most discussed and controversial issues in bioethics – genome editing of human embryos. The article provides an ethical and philosophical analysis of the legal aspects of editing the genome of a human embryo from the point of view of hygienic treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоэтика</kwd><kwd>утилитаризм</kwd><kwd>личное благо</kwd><kwd>общественное благо</kwd><kwd>геномные технологии</kwd><kwd>редактирование генома эмбрионов человека</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas</kwd><kwd>биоправо</kwd><kwd>рациональность</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioethics</kwd><kwd>utilitarianism</kwd><kwd>personal good</kwd><kwd>public good</kwd><kwd>genomic technologies</kwd><kwd>genome editing of human embryos</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas</kwd><kwd>biolaw</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentham J. Leading Principles of a Constitutional Code, for Any State . The Works of Jeremy Bentham. Vol. 2. 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