<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2023.11.47-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2374</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение химерных транскриптов и экспрессионных маркеров методом таргетного высокопроизводительного секвенирования при раке щитовидной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Targeted high throughput RNA sequencing for detection of gene fusions and gene expression markers in thyroid cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушина</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakushina</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vdyakushina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelnikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеева</surname><given-names>Т. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeeva</surname><given-names>T. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, г. Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>26, Bakinskaya st., Moscow, 115516</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казубская</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazubskaya</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 23</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 17, с. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115478</p><p>17, bldg. 3, Petrovka st., Moscow, 117031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лернер</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lerner</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 17, с. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>17, bldg. 3, Petrovka st., Moscow, 117031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Moskvorechye st., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московская городская клиническая больница им. В.М. Буянова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital after V.M. Buyanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ООО «ПреМед»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; PreMed-European Technologies; PreMed-European Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ПреМед»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PreMed-European Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Якушина В.Д., Стрельников В.В., Авдеева Т.Ф., Казубская Т.П., Кондратьева Т.Т., Лернер Л.В., Лавров А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якушина В.Д., Стрельников В.В., Авдеева Т.Ф., Казубская Т.П., Кондратьева Т.Т., Лернер Л.В., Лавров А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakushina V.D., Strelnikov V.V., Avdeeva T.F., Kazubskaya T.P., Kondratieva T.T., Lerner L.V., Lavrov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2374">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2374</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Определение химерных онкогенов имеет важное значение в дооперационной дифференциальной диагностике рака щитовидной железы, а также для назначения ингибиторов тирозинкиназ. Предполагается, что оценка 5’/3’ дисбаланса экспрессии, косвенно отражающая наличие перестроек и уровня экспрессии ряда генов, позволит расширить спектр маркеров и тем самым повысить чувствительность диагностики злокачественных новообразований щитовидной железы. Высокопроизводительное секвенирование РНК, позволяющее определять полный спектр перестроек в сочетании с экспрессионными маркерами, рассматривается в качестве перспективного подхода, активно внедряемого в клиническую практику.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить точность определения генных перестроек и экспрессионных маркеров методом таргетного высокопроизводительного секвенирования РНК при раке щитовидной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Исследованы 64 образца рака щитовидной железы и 16 образцов доброкачественных образований щитовидной железы с цитологическим диагнозом Бетезда III-V. Наличие траснкриптов перестроек генов RET, ALK, NTRK1, NTRK3, PPARG, THADA, LTK, MET, BRAF, C15orf55, ERBB4, OFD1, ROS1, 5’/3’ дисбаланс экспрессии данных генов и уровень экспрессионных маркеров определяли методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования с использованием технологи AmpliSeq на собственной панели праймеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Перестройки найдены в 12% образцов рака, список найденных перестроек включил CCDC6-RET, ETV6-NTRK3, TPM3- NTRK1, STRN-ALK, PAX8-PPARG. Доля образцов с выявленными перестройками соответствует ожидаемой по данным литературы. В образцах доброкачественных образований перестройки не выявлены. 5’/3’ дисбаланс в образцах рака был выражен для генов RET, NTRK1, NTRK3, MET и THADA, при этом отсутствовал в доброкачественных образованиях. Среди исследованных экспрессионных маркеров, гены KRT7, KRT20, CHGA, CITED1 имели выраженную гиперэкспрессию в отдельных образцах рака при отсутствии абберантной экспрессии в доброкачественных новообразованиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таргетное высокопроизводительное секвенирование РНК на основе технологии AmpliSeq с помощью разработанной панели праймеров позволяет определять химерные гены, 5’/3’ дисбаланс экспрессии генов и экспрессионные маркеры с высокой специфичностью относительно статуса злокачественности новообразования. Включение 5’/3’ дисбаланса экспрессии и экспрессионных маркеров в тестирование может повысить точность дифференциальной диагностики злокачественных новообразований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Detection of fusion genes is important in the preoperative differential diagnostics of thyroid cancer, as well as for tyrosine kinase inhibitors prescription. It is assumed that the assessment of the 5’/3’ expression imbalance, which indirectly reflects the presence of gene rearrangements, and gene expression markers, might widen the range of markers and would thereby improve the sensitivity of the malignant thyroid tumors diagnostics. High throughput RNA sequencing, which allows determining the full range of rearrangements in combination with expression markers, is supposed to be promising application and is under active implementation into clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the detection of rearrangements and expression markers by targeted high throughput RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. 64 samples of thyroid cancer and 16 samples of benign thyroid lesions with a cytological diagnosis of Bethesda III-V were examined. Presence of RET, ALK, NTRK1, NTRK3, PPARG, THADA, LTK, MET, BRAF, C15orf55, ERBB4, OFD1, ROS1 gene rearrangement transcripts, 5’/3’ gene expression imbalance and expression marker levels were evaluated by high throughput sequencing using AmpliSeq technology on the custom primer panel.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Fusion genes were found in 12% of cancer samples. Their list includes CCDC6-RET, ETV6-NTRK3, TPM3-NTRK1, STRN-ALK, and PAX8-PPARG. The proportion of samples with identified rearrangements meets the values expected according to the literature. No rearrangements were found in the benign samples. 5’/3’ imbalance in cancer samples was detected for the RET, NTRK1, NTRK3, MET, and THADA genes, while it was absent in benign lesions. Among the studied expression markers, the KRT7, KRT20, CHGA, CITED1 genes had significant overexpression in cancer samples, with no aberrant expression in benign neoplasms.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Targeted high throughput RNA sequencing based on AmpliSeq technology using the developed primer panel allows to determine gene fusions, 5’/3’ expression imbalance and expression markers with high specificity regarding the malignancy of the neoplasm. Inclusion of 5’/3’ expression imbalance and gene expression markers can improve the accuracy of differential diagnostics of malignant neoplasms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>химерные гены</kwd><kwd>5’/3’ дисбаланс экспрессии</kwd><kwd>экспрессионные маркеры</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>gene fusions</kwd><kwd>5’/3’ expression imbalance</kwd><kwd>gene expression markers</kwd><kwd>high throughput sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «МГНЦ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pellegriti G., Frasca F., Regalbuto C., et al. Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: update on epidemiology and risk factors. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2013;2013:965212. doi: 10.1155/2013/965212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pellegriti G., Frasca F., Regalbuto C., et al. Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: update on epidemiology and risk factors. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2013;2013:965212. doi: 10.1155/2013/965212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vigneri R., Malandrino P., Vigneri P. The changing epidemiology of thyroid cancer: why is incidence increasing? Curr Opin Oncol. 2015;27(1):1-7. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vigneri R., Malandrino P., Vigneri P. The changing epidemiology of thyroid cancer: why is incidence increasing? Curr Opin Oncol. 2015;27(1):1-7. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper D.S., Doherty G.M., Haugen B.R., et al. American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2009;19:1167–214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper D.S., Doherty G.M., Haugen B.R., et al. American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2009;19:1167–214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pacini F., Castagna M.G., Brilli L., Pentheroudakis G., ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2012;23(Suppl.7):vii110–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pacini F., Castagna M.G., Brilli L., Pentheroudakis G., ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2012;23(Suppl.7):vii110–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kebebew E., Greenspan F.S., Clark O.H., et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Treatment outcome and prognostic factors. Cancer. 2005;103(7):1330-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kebebew E., Greenspan F.S., Clark O.H., et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Treatment outcome and prognostic factors. Cancer. 2005;103(7):1330-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wendler J., Kroiss M., Gast K., et al. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: results of a multicenter study in Germany. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;175(6):521-529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wendler J., Kroiss M., Gast K., et al. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: results of a multicenter study in Germany. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;175(6):521-529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bongiovanni M., Spitale A., Faquin W.C., et al. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: A meta-analysis. Acta Cytol. 2012;56(4):333-339. doi:10.1159/000339959.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bongiovanni M., Spitale A., Faquin W.C., et al. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: A meta-analysis. Acta Cytol. 2012;56(4):333-339. doi:10.1159/000339959.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panebianco F., Nikitski A.V., Nikiforova M.N., et al. Characterization of thyroid cancer driven by known and novel ALK fusions. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019;26(11):803-814. doi:10.1530/ERC-190325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panebianco F., Nikitski A.V., Nikiforova M.N., et al. Characterization of thyroid cancer driven by known and novel ALK fusions. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019;26(11):803-814. doi:10.1530/ERC-190325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doebele R.C., Drilon A., Paz-Ares L., et al. Entrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials. Lancet Oncol 2020;21:271-282</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doebele R.C., Drilon A., Paz-Ares L., et al. Entrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials. Lancet Oncol 2020;21:271-282</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Thyroid Carcinoma (Version 1.2023). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/bone.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Thyroid Carcinoma (Version 1.2023). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/bone.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell. 2014; 159(3):676690.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell. 2014; 159(3):676690.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zehir A., Benayed R., Shah R.H., et al. Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients. Nature Medicine. 2017; 23(6): 703–713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zehir A., Benayed R., Shah R.H., et al. Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients. Nature Medicine. 2017; 23(6): 703–713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rivera M., Ricarte-Filho J., Knauf J., et al. Molecular genotyping of papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant according to its histological subtypes (encapsulated vs infiltrative) reveals distinct BRAF and RAS mutation patterns. Mod Pathol. 2010; 23(9):1191–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rivera M., Ricarte-Filho J., Knauf J., et al. Molecular genotyping of papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant according to its histological subtypes (encapsulated vs infiltrative) reveals distinct BRAF and RAS mutation patterns. Mod Pathol. 2010; 23(9):1191–200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong M.J., Yang H., Yip L., Ohori N.P., et al. PAX8/PPARγ rearrangement in thyroid nodules predicts follicular-pattern carcinomas, in particular the encapsulated follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Thyroid. 2014; 24:1369–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong M.J., Yang H., Yip L., Ohori N.P., et al. PAX8/PPARγ rearrangement in thyroid nodules predicts follicular-pattern carcinomas, in particular the encapsulated follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Thyroid. 2014; 24:1369–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikiforova M.N., Biddinger P.W., Caudill C.M., et al. PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002; 26(8):1016-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikiforova M.N., Biddinger P.W., Caudill C.M., et al. PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002; 26(8):1016-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohori N.P., Wolfe J., Hodak S.P., et al. “Colloid-rich” follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens: cytologic, histologic, and molecular basis for considering an alternate view. Cancer Cytopathol. 2013; 121(12):718-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohori N.P., Wolfe J., Hodak S.P., et al. “Colloid-rich” follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens: cytologic, histologic, and molecular basis for considering an alternate view. Cancer Cytopathol. 2013; 121(12):718-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landa I., Ibrahimpasic T., Boucai L., et al. Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. J Clin Invest. 2016; 126(3):1052-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landa I., Ibrahimpasic T., Boucai L., et al. Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. J Clin Invest. 2016; 126(3):1052-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michuda J., Park B.H., Cummings A.L., et al.. Use of clinical RNA-sequencing in the detection of actionable fusions compared to DNA-sequencing alone. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022; 40:16(suppl): 3077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michuda J., Park B.H., Cummings A.L., et al.. Use of clinical RNA-sequencing in the detection of actionable fusions compared to DNA-sequencing alone. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022; 40:16(suppl): 3077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchiò C., Scaltriti M., Ladanyi M., et al. ESMO recommendations on the standard methods to detect NTRK fusions in daily practice and clinical research. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(9):1417-1427. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchiò C., Scaltriti M., Ladanyi M., et al. ESMO recommendations on the standard methods to detect NTRK fusions in daily practice and clinical research. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(9):1417-1427. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
