<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2023.08.52-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Происхождение множественных опухолей у пациентки с первичной аденокарциномой эндометрия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genesis of multiple tumors in a patient with a primary endometral adenocarcinoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирлина</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirlina</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахматова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhmatova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмелькова</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmelkova</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119333, г. Москва, ул. Губкина, д. 3, корп.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, bldg.1, Gubkina st., Moscow, 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киль</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kil</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутрович</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butrovich</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринькова</surname><given-names>Е. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinkova</surname><given-names>E. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119333, г. Москва, ул. Губкина, д. 3, корп.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, bldg.1, Gubkina st., Moscow, 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каймонов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaimonov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119333, г. Москва, ул. Губкина, д. 3, корп.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, bldg.1, Gubkina st., Moscow, 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляцкин</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyatskin</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, д. 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya st., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemyeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, д. 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya st., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg, 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуляев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulyaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197758, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, д. 68</p><p>191015, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68, Leningradskaya st., Pesochny, Saint Petersburg, 197758</p><p>14, Kirochnaya st., St. Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вострюхина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vostrukhina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вербенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verbenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вербенко Валерий Николаевич</p><p>188300, Ленинградская обл., г. Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery N. Verbenko</p><p>1, mkr. Orlova roshcha, Gatchina, Leningradskaya Oblast, 188300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">verbenko_vn@pnpi.nrcki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр генетики и репродуктивной медицины Генетико</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Genetico</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мирлина Е.Д., Шахматова А.Д., Хмелькова Д.Н., Киль Ю.В., Емельянова С.С., Бутрович Г.М., Гринькова Е.Я., Миронова И.В., Каймонов В.С., Поляцкин И.Л., Артемьева А.С., Гуляев А.В., Вострюхина О.А., Вербенко В.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мирлина Е.Д., Шахматова А.Д., Хмелькова Д.Н., Киль Ю.В., Емельянова С.С., Бутрович Г.М., Гринькова Е.Я., Миронова И.В., Каймонов В.С., Поляцкин И.Л., Артемьева А.С., Гуляев А.В., Вострюхина О.А., Вербенко В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mirlina E.D., Shakhmatova A.D., Khmelkova D.N., Kil Y.V., Emelyanova S.S., Butrovich G.M., Grinkova E.Y., Mironova I.V., Kaimonov V.S., Polyatskin I.L., Artemyeva A.S., Gulyaev A.V., Vostrukhina O.A., Verbenko V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2335">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2335</self-uri><abstract><p>Количество публикаций с описанием первично-множественных опухолей растет, тем не менее сообщения о синхроннометахронных неоплазмах встречаются крайне редко. Более того, генетический анализ таких опухолей и возможных путей их прогрессии в литературе практически отсутствует. Целью данного исследования было установление независимости происхождения множественных опухолей у пациентки с синдромом Линча. Ретроспективный анализ материала предусматривал как изучение морфологических особенностей опухолей, так и выявление мутационных повреждений в исследуемых генах путем полноэкзомного секвенирования ДНК, выделенной из имеющихся в наличии парафиновых блоков. Совокупность гистологических типов и установленных мутационных профилей неоплазм подтверждает их независимое происхождение. Таким образом, в статье представлен новый случай первично-множественных опухолей и предположены возможные пути их формирования с участием врожденного нарушения системы коррекции неспаренных оснований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number of cases with the description of primary multiple tumors is growing, however, reports of synchronous-metachronous neoplasms are extremely rare. Moreover, there is practically no genetic analysis of such tumors and possible ways of their progression in the literature. The purpose of this study was to establish the independence of the origin of multiple tumors in a patient with Lynch syndrome. A retrospective analysis of the material included both the study of the morphological features of tumors and the detection of mutational damage in the studied genes by whole exome sequencing of DNA isolated from available paraffin blocks. The combination of histological types and established mutational profiles of neoplasms confirms their independent origin. Thus, a new case of primary multiple tumors is presented and possible ways of their formation with the participation of congenital disorders of the DNA mismatch repair system are suggested.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первично-множественные опухоли</kwd><kwd>синдром Линча</kwd><kwd>первичная аденокарцинома эндометрия</kwd><kwd>коррекция неспаренных оснований</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические подтипы колоректальных раков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary multiple tumors</kwd><kwd>Lynch syndrome</kwd><kwd>primary endometral adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>DNA mismatch repair</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic subtypes of colorectal cancers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках темы «Изучение молекулярных и клеточных компонентов патогенеза социально-значимых заболеваний для разработки методов ранней диагностики и лечения», регистрационный номер № 121060200125-2.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funding by research work No. 121060200125-2 “Study of molecular and cellular components of the pathogenesis of socially significant diseases for the development of methods of early diagnosis and treatment”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogt A., Schmid S., Heinimann K., et al. Multiple primary tumours: challenges and approaches, a review. ESMO Open. 2017;2(2):e000172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogt A., Schmid S., Heinimann K., et al. Multiple primary tumours: challenges and approaches, a review. ESMO Open. 2017;2(2):e000172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Copur M.S., Manapuram S. Multiple primary tumors over a lifetime. Oncology. 2019;33(7):629384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Copur M.S., Manapuram S. Multiple primary tumors over a lifetime. Oncology. 2019;33(7):629384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markakis C., Marinis A., Dikeakos P., et al. Multiple synchronous primary neoplasms of the breast, colon and rectum after surgery for endometrial cancer: a case report. Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 2013;4(5):493-495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markakis C., Marinis A., Dikeakos P., et al. Multiple synchronous primary neoplasms of the breast, colon and rectum after surgery for endometrial cancer: a case report. Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 2013;4(5):493-495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porkka N.K., Olkinuora A., Kuopio T., et al. P. Does breast carcinoma belong to the Lynch syndrome tumor spectrum? Somatic mutational profiles vs. ovarian and colorectal carcinomas. Oncotarget. 2020;11:1244-1256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porkka N.K., Olkinuora A., Kuopio T., et al. P. Does breast carcinoma belong to the Lynch syndrome tumor spectrum? Somatic mutational profiles vs. ovarian and colorectal carcinomas. Oncotarget. 2020;11:1244-1256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ligtenberg M., Kuiper R., Chan T., et al. Heritable somatic methylation and inactivation of MSH2 in families with Lynch syndrome due to deletion of the 3′ exons of TACSTD1. Nat. Genet. 2009;41:112-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ligtenberg M., Kuiper R., Chan T., et al. Heritable somatic methylation and inactivation of MSH2 in families with Lynch syndrome due to deletion of the 3′ exons of TACSTD1. Nat. Genet. 2009;41:112-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dashti S.G., Chau R., Ouakrim D.A., et al. Female hormonal factors and the risk of endometrial cancer in Lynch syndrome. JAMA. 2015;314(1):61-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dashti S.G., Chau R., Ouakrim D.A., et al. Female hormonal factors and the risk of endometrial cancer in Lynch syndrome. JAMA. 2015;314(1):61-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer L.A., Broaddus R.R., Lu K.H. Endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome: clinical and pathologic considerations. Cancer Control. 2009;16(1):14-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer L.A., Broaddus R.R., Lu K.H. Endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome: clinical and pathologic considerations. Cancer Control. 2009;16(1):14-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyaki M., Konishi M., Tanaka K., et al. Germline mutation of MSH6 as the cause of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. (Letter) Nature Genet. 1997;17:271-272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyaki M., Konishi M., Tanaka K., et al. Germline mutation of MSH6 as the cause of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. (Letter) Nature Genet. 1997;17:271-272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wagner A., Hendriks Y., Meijers-Heijboer E. J., et al. Atypical HNPCC owing to MSH6 germline mutations: analysis of a large Dutch pedigree. J. Med. Genet. 2001;38:318-322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wagner A., Hendriks Y., Meijers-Heijboer E. J., et al. Atypical HNPCC owing to MSH6 germline mutations: analysis of a large Dutch pedigree. J. Med. Genet. 2001;38:318-322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijnen J., de Leeuw W., Vasen H., et al. Familial endometrial cancer in female carriers of MSH6 germline mutations. (Letter) Nature Genet. 1999;23:142-144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijnen J., de Leeuw W., Vasen H., et al. Familial endometrial cancer in female carriers of MSH6 germline mutations. (Letter) Nature Genet. 1999;23:142-144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castellsague E., Liu J., Volenik A., et al. Characterization of a novel founder MSH6 mutation causing Lynch syndrome in the French Canadian population. Clin. Genet. 2015;87:536-542.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castellsague E., Liu J., Volenik A., et al. Characterization of a novel founder MSH6 mutation causing Lynch syndrome in the French Canadian population. Clin. Genet. 2015;87:536-542.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vostriukhna O.A., Mirlina E.D., Khmelkova D.N., et al. An MSH6 germline pathogenic variant p.Gly162Ter associated with Lynch syndrome. Hum. Genome Var. 2022;9:1-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vostriukhna O.A., Mirlina E.D., Khmelkova D.N., et al. An MSH6 germline pathogenic variant p.Gly162Ter associated with Lynch syndrome. Hum. Genome Var. 2022;9:1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karakas B., Colak D., Kaya N., et al. Prevalence of PIK3CA mutations and the SNP rs17849079 in Arab breast cancer patients. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2013;14(10):888-896.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karakas B., Colak D., Kaya N., et al. Prevalence of PIK3CA mutations and the SNP rs17849079 in Arab breast cancer patients. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2013;14(10):888-896.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжкова О.П., Кардымон О.Л., Прохорчук Е.Б., и др. Руководство по интерпретации данных последовательности ДНК человека, полученных методами массового параллельного секвенирования (MPS) (редакция 2018, версия 2). Медицинская генетика. 2019;18(2):3-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkova O.P., Kardymon O.L., Prohorchuk E.B., et al. Rukovodstvo po interpretatsii dannykh posledovatel’nosti DNK cheloveka, poluchennykh metodami massovogo parallel’nogo sekvenirovaniya (MPS) (redaktsiya 2018, versiya 2) [Guidelines for the interpretation of massive parallel sequencing variants (update 2018, v2)]. Meditsinskaya genetika [Medical Genetics]. 2019;18(2):3-23. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2019.02.3-23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вострюхина О.А., Штам Т.А., Мохова Н.В., и др. Уровень нестабильности микросателлитов и мутации гена p53 в карциноме желудочно-кишечного тракта человека. Экологическая генетика. 2004;2(4):22-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vostriukhna O.A., Shtam T.A., Khmelkova D.N., et al. Uroven nestabilnosti mikrosatellitov i mutatsii gena p53 v kartsinomah jeludochno-kishechnogo trakta cheloveka [The level of instability of microsatellites and mutations of the p53 gene in human gastrointestinal carcinoma]. Ekologicheskaya genetika {Ecological Genetics]. 2004;2(4):22-28. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang J., Huang T., Lin X., et al. Long-term survival of a Lynch syndrome patient with eight primary tumors: a case report. Front. Oncol. 2022;12:896024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang J., Huang T., Lin X., et al. Long-term survival of a Lynch syndrome patient with eight primary tumors: a case report. Front. Oncol. 2022;12:896024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahn D.H., Rho J.H., Tchah H., et al. Early onset of colorectal cancer in a 13-year old girl with Lynch syndrome: case report. Korean J. Pediatr. 2016;59(1):40-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahn D.H., Rho J.H., Tchah H., et al. Early onset of colorectal cancer in a 13-year old girl with Lynch syndrome: case report. Korean J. Pediatr. 2016;59(1):40-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Kang J., Pan Q., et al: Genetic analysis in a patient with nine primary malignant neoplasms: a rare case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Oncol. Rep. 2016;35:1519-1528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X., Kang J., Pan Q., et al: Genetic analysis in a patient with nine primary malignant neoplasms: a rare case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Oncol. Rep. 2016;35:1519-1528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arakawa K., Hata K., Yamamoto Y., et al. Nine primary malignant neoplasms-involving the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, prostate, and external ear canal-without microsatellite instability: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arakawa K., Hata K., Yamamoto Y., et al. Nine primary malignant neoplasms-involving the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, prostate, and external ear canal-without microsatellite instability: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Z., Sun K., Yan T., et al. Multiple primary tumors: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 2020;21(1):394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Z., Sun K., Yan T., et al. Multiple primary tumors: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 2020;21(1):394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giannini R.C., Lupi F., Louparkis F., et al. KRAS and BRAF genotyping of synchronous colorectal carcinomas. Oncol. Lett. 2014;7(5):1532-1536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannini R.C., Lupi F., Louparkis F., et al. KRAS and BRAF genotyping of synchronous colorectal carcinomas. Oncol. Lett. 2014;7(5):1532-1536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciriello G., Gatza M.L., Beck A.H., et al. TCGA Research Network, Perou CM. Comprehensive molecular portraits of invasive lobular breast cancer. Cell. 2015;163:506-519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciriello G., Gatza M.L., Beck A.H., et al. TCGA Research Network, Perou CM. Comprehensive molecular portraits of invasive lobular breast cancer. Cell. 2015;163:506-519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова Н.В., Чурносов М.И., Должиков А.А., и др. Метастазы рака молочной железы, симулирующие первичную карциному желудка. Клиническое наблюдение и обзор особенностей диагностики. Научные ведомости белгородского государственного университета. Серия Медицина. Фармация. 2018;41(1):178-187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova N.V., Churnosov M.I., Dolzhikov A.A., et al. Metastasy raka molochnoy zhelezy simuliruuchshie pervichnuu karcinomu jeludka. Klinicheskoe nabludenie i obsor osobennostei diagnostiki [Metastases of breast carcinoma simulating the primary stomach cancer. A case report and review of diagnostic problems]. Nauchnye vedomosti belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Meditsina. Farmatsiya [Scientific Bulletin of the Belgorod State University. Series Medicine. Pharmacy]. 2018;41(1):178-187. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knudson A.G. Jr. Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1971;68:820-823.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knudson A.G. Jr. Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1971;68:820-823.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кит О.И., Дженкова Е.А., Мирзоян Э.А., и др. Молекулярно-генетическая классификация подтипов колоректального рака: современное состояние проблемы. Южно-Российский онкологический журнал. 2021;2(2):50-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kit O.I., Djenkova E.A., Mirzoyan E.A., et al. Molekulyarno-geneticheskaya klassifikatsiya podtypov kolorektalnogo raka: sovremennoe sostoyanie problemy [Molecular genetic classification of subtypes of colorectal cancer: current state of the problem] Ûžno-Rossijskij onkologičceskij žurnal [South Russian Journal of Cancer]. 2021;2(2):50-56. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
