<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2023.01.29-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2240</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дифференциальная диагностика причин дыхательной недостаточности у детей с ахондроплазией. Клинический разбор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Differential diagnosis of the causes of respiratory failure in children with achondroplasia. Clinical analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакирева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakireva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>308015</p><p>ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>Белгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>308015</p><p>85, Pobedy str.</p><p>Belgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улезько</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulez’ko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>308015</p><p>ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>Белгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>308015</p><p>85, Pobedy str.</p><p>Belgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasiaulezko56@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>308015</p><p>ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>Белгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>308015</p><p>85, Pobedy str.</p><p>Belgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плетенская</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pletenskaya</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>308015</p><p>ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>Белгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>308015</p><p>85, Pobedy str.</p><p>Belgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет» (НИУ БелГУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балакирева Е.А., Улезько А.А., Николаенко И.В., Плетенская С.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балакирева Е.А., Улезько А.А., Николаенко И.В., Плетенская С.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balakireva E.A., Ulez’ko A.A., Nikolaenko I.V., Pletenskaya S.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2240">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2240</self-uri><abstract><p>   Проведен анализ трех клинических случаев детей с ахондроплазией в возрасте до 1 года с целью установления причин возникновения у них дыхательной недостаточности (ДН). Было установлено, что, несмотря на одну и ту же молекулярно-генетически подтвержденную патологию – ахондроплазию, – у троих детей первого года жизни триггеры возникновения ДН тяжелой степени, приведшей в двух случаях к смерти, а в одном – к вентиляционной зависимости, были различны. Наличие единого фонового механизма возникновения дыхательных расстройств (синдром сдавления каудальной группы черепно-мозговых нервов) предполагает разработку специального алгоритма ведения детей с ахондроплазией с первых дней жизни, учитывая высокую степень риска возникновения тяжелых дыхательных расстройств, провоцируемых различными пусковыми факторами и приводящих к необратимым последствиям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Three clinical cases of children with achondroplasia before the age of 1 year were analysed to determine the causes of respiratory failure (DN). It was found that despite a single molecularly genetically confirmed pathology, achondroplasia, the triggers of severe DN, leading to death in two cases and to ventilatory dependence in one, were different in three children of the first year of life. The presence of a single background mechanism of respiratory distress (caudal CMN group compression syndrome) suggests the development of a special algorithm for the management of children with AHP from the first days of life, given the high risk of respiratory distress, provoked by various triggers, of severe severity, leading to irreversible consequences.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ахондроплазия</kwd><kwd>дети первого года жизни</kwd><kwd>дыхательная недостаточность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>achondroplasia</kwd><kwd>children of the first year of life</kwd><kwd>respiratory failure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out without sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ornitz D. M, Legeai-Mallet L. Achondroplasia: Development, Pathogenesis, and Therapy. Developmental dynamics 2017; (246): 291–309. DOI: 10.1002/DVDY.24479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ornitz D. M, Legeai-Mallet L. Achondroplasia: Development, Pathogenesis, and Therapy. Developmental dynamics 2017; (246): 291–309. DOI: 10.1002/DVDY.24479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айвазова К. Э. Врожденная ахондроплазия : Материалы X Международной студенческой научной конференции «Студенческий научный форум» / К. Э. Айвазова https://scienceforum.ru/2018/article/2018002170. Ссылка активна на 19. 05. 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Айвазова К. Э. Врожденная ахондроплазия : Материалы X Международной студенческой научной конференции «Студенческий научный форум» / К. Э. Айвазова https://scienceforum.ru/2018/article/2018002170. Ссылка активна на 19. 05. 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Legare J. M. Achondroplasia. 1998 Oct 12 [Updated 2022 Jan 6]. In: Adam M. P., Everman D. B., Mirzaa G. M., et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1152/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Legare J. M. Achondroplasia. 1998 Oct 12 [Updated 2022 Jan 6]. In: Adam M. P., Everman D. B., Mirzaa G. M., et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1152/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigues C., Isaza C., Pachajoa H. Achondroplasia among ancient populations of mesoamerica and South America: Iconographic and Archaeological Evidence. Colomb. Med. (Cali) 2012; 43 (3): 212–5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigues C., Isaza C., Pachajoa H. Achondroplasia among ancient populations of mesoamerica and South America: Iconographic and Archaeological Evidence. Colomb. Med. (Cali) 2012; 43 (3): 212–5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubota T., Adachi M., Kitaoka T., Hasegawa K., Ohata Y., Fujiwara M., Michigami T., Mochizuki H., Ozono K. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Achondroplasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2020; 29: 25–42. DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubota T., Adachi M., Kitaoka T., Hasegawa K., Ohata Y., Fujiwara M., Michigami T., Mochizuki H., Ozono K. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Achondroplasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2020; 29: 25–42. DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baujat G., Legeai-Mallet L., Finidori G., Cormier-Daire V., Le Merrer M. Achondroplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008; 22: 3–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2007.12.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baujat G., Legeai-Mallet L., Finidori G., Cormier-Daire V., Le Merrer M. Achondroplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008; 22: 3–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2007.12.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рещиков Д. А. Цервико-медуллярная компрессия у детей с ахондроплазией: диагностика и лечение // Голова и шея. Российский журнал. – 2021. – 9 (1): 45–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рещиков Д. А. Цервико-медуллярная компрессия у детей с ахондроплазией: диагностика и лечение // Голова и шея. Российский журнал. – 2021. – 9 (1): 45–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prinster C. Diagnosis of hypochondroplasia: the role of radiological interpretation. Italian Study Group for Hypochondroplasia. Pediatr. Radiol. 2001; 31 (3): 203-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prinster C. Diagnosis of hypochondroplasia: the role of radiological interpretation. Italian Study Group for Hypochondroplasia. Pediatr. Radiol. 2001; 31 (3): 203-208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aryanpur J., Hurko O., Francomano C., Wang H., Carson B. Craniocervical decompression for cervicomedullary compression in pediatric patients with achondroplasia. J Neurosurg. 1990; 73 (3): 375-82. doi: 10.3171/jns.1990.73.3.0375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aryanpur J., Hurko O., Francomano C., Wang H., Carson B. Craniocervical decompression for cervicomedullary compression in pediatric patients with achondroplasia. J Neurosurg. 1990; 73 (3): 375-82. doi: 10.3171/jns.1990.73.3.0375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon N. The neurological complication of achondroplasia. Brain Dev. 2000; 22 (1): 3-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon N. The neurological complication of achondroplasia. Brain Dev. 2000; 22 (1): 3-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson N. M., Hecht J. T., Bohan T. P., Kramer L. A., Davidson K., Brandt M. E., Fletcher J. M. Neuroanatomic and neuropsychological outcome in school-age children with achondroplasia. Am J Med Genet. 1999; 88 (2): 145-53. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990416)88:2&lt;145::aid-ajmg10&gt;3.0.co;2-b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson N. M., Hecht J. T., Bohan T. P., Kramer L. A., Davidson K., Brandt M. E., Fletcher J. M. Neuroanatomic and neuropsychological outcome in school-age children with achondroplasia. Am J Med Genet. 1999; 88 (2): 145-53. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990416)88:2&lt;145::aid-ajmg10&gt;3.0.co;2-b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брошюра по Ахондроплазии. Для родителей и не только. https://lp-ru.ru/2019/10/30/broshyura-po-ahondroplazii-dlya-roditelej-i-ne-tolko/ Ссылка активна на 26. 03. 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брошюра по Ахондроплазии. Для родителей и не только. https://lp-ru.ru/2019/10/30/broshyura-po-ahondroplazii-dlya-roditelej-i-ne-tolko/ Ссылка активна на 26. 03. 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рещиков Д. А. Диагностика и лечение жизнеугрожающих состояний у детей с ахондроплазией / Д. А. Рещиков, В. В. Пальм, И. В. Рассказчикова // Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. – 2020. – 65 (4): 356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рещиков Д. А. Диагностика и лечение жизнеугрожающих состояний у детей с ахондроплазией / Д. А. Рещиков, В. В. Пальм, И. В. Рассказчикова // Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. – 2020. – 65 (4): 356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keiper G. L., Koch B., Crone K. R. Achondroplasia and cervicomedullary compression: Prospective evaluation and surgical treatment. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 1999; 31: 78–83. Doi: 10.1159/000028838.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keiper G. L., Koch B., Crone K. R. Achondroplasia and cervicomedullary compression: Prospective evaluation and surgical treatment. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 1999; 31: 78–83. Doi: 10.1159/000028838.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перенести в английский вариант</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Перенести в английский вариант</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ornitz D. M, Legeai-Mallet L. Achondroplasia: Development, Pathogenesis, and Therapy. Developmental dynamics 2017; (246): 291–309. DOI: 10.1002/DVDY.24479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ornitz D. M, Legeai-Mallet L. Achondroplasia: Development, Pathogenesis, and Therapy. Developmental dynamics 2017; (246): 291–309. DOI: 10.1002/DVDY.24479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aivazova K. E. Vrozhdennaya akhondroplaziya. Materialy X Mezhdunarodnoy studencheskoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Studencheskiy nauchnyy forum» [Innate achondroplasia]. Materials of the X International Student scientific conference “Student Scientific Forum”. Available from: https://scienceforum.ru/2018/article/2018002170. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aivazova K. E. Vrozhdennaya akhondroplaziya. Materialy X Mezhdunarodnoy studencheskoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Studencheskiy nauchnyy forum» [Innate achondroplasia]. Materials of the X International Student scientific conference “Student Scientific Forum”. Available from: https://scienceforum.ru/2018/article/2018002170. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Legare J. M. Achondroplasia. 1998 Oct 12 [Updated 2022 Jan 6]. In: Adam M. P., Everman D. B., Mirzaa G. M., et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1152/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Legare J. M. Achondroplasia. 1998 Oct 12 [Updated 2022 Jan 6]. In: Adam M. P., Everman D. B., Mirzaa G. M., et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1152/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigues C., Isaza C., Pachajoa H. Achondroplasia among ancient populations of mesoamerica and South America: Iconographic and Archaeological Evidence. Colomb. Med. (Cali) 2012; 43 (3): 212–5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigues C., Isaza C., Pachajoa H. Achondroplasia among ancient populations of mesoamerica and South America: Iconographic and Archaeological Evidence. Colomb. Med. (Cali) 2012; 43 (3): 212–5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubota T., Adachi M., Kitaoka T., Hasegawa K., Ohata Y., Fujiwara M., Michigami T., Mochizuki H., Ozono K. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Achondroplasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2020; 29: 25–42. DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubota T., Adachi M., Kitaoka T., Hasegawa K., Ohata Y., Fujiwara M., Michigami T., Mochizuki H., Ozono K. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Achondroplasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2020; 29: 25–42. DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baujat G., Legeai-Mallet L., Finidori G., Cormier-Daire V., Le Merrer M. Achondroplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008; 22: 3–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2007.12.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baujat G., Legeai-Mallet L., Finidori G., Cormier-Daire V., Le Merrer M. Achondroplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008; 22: 3–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2007.12.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reshchikov D. A., Palm V. V., Vasiliev I. G., Rasskazchikova I. V. Tserviko-medullyarnaya kompressiya u detey s akhondroplaziyey: diagnostika i lecheniye [Cervico-medullary compression in children with achondroplasia: diagnosis and treatment]. Golova i sheya. Rossiyskiy zhurnal [Head and neck. Russian Journal]. 2021; 9 (1): 45–53 (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshchikov D. A., Palm V. V., Vasiliev I. G., Rasskazchikova I. V. Tserviko-medullyarnaya kompressiya u detey s akhondroplaziyey: diagnostika i lecheniye [Cervico-medullary compression in children with achondroplasia: diagnosis and treatment]. Golova i sheya. Rossiyskiy zhurnal [Head and neck. Russian Journal]. 2021; 9 (1): 45–53 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prinster C. Diagnosis of hypochondroplasia: the role of radiological interpretation. Italian Study Group for Hypochondroplasia. Pediatr. Radiol. 2001; 31 (3): 203-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prinster C. Diagnosis of hypochondroplasia: the role of radiological interpretation. Italian Study Group for Hypochondroplasia. Pediatr. Radiol. 2001; 31 (3): 203-208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aryanpur J., Hurko O., Francomano C., Wang H., Carson B. Craniocervical decompression for cervicomedullary compression in pediatric patients with achondroplasia. J Neurosurg. 1990; 73 (3): 375-82. doi: 10.3171/jns.1990.73.3.0375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aryanpur J., Hurko O., Francomano C., Wang H., Carson B. Craniocervical decompression for cervicomedullary compression in pediatric patients with achondroplasia. J Neurosurg. 1990; 73 (3): 375-82. doi: 10.3171/jns.1990.73.3.0375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon N. The neurological complication of achondroplasia. Brain Dev. 2000; 22 (1): 3-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon N. The neurological complication of achondroplasia. Brain Dev. 2000; 22 (1): 3-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson N. M., Hecht J. T., Bohan T. P., Kramer L. A., Davidson K., Brandt M. E., Fletcher J. M. Neuroanatomic and neuropsychological outcome in school-age children with achondroplasia. Am J Med Genet. 1999; 88 (2): 145-53. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990416)88:2&lt;145::aid-ajmg10&gt;3.0.co;2-b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson N. M., Hecht J. T., Bohan T. P., Kramer L. A., Davidson K., Brandt M. E., Fletcher J. M. Neuroanatomic and neuropsychological outcome in school-age children with achondroplasia. Am J Med Genet. 1999; 88 (2): 145-53. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990416)88:2&lt;145::aid-ajmg10&gt;3.0.co;2-b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broshyura po Akhondroplazii. Dlya roditeley i ne tol’ko [Brochure on Achondroplasia. For parents and beyond]. Available from: https://lp-ru.ru/2019/10/30/broshyura-po-ahondroplazii-dlya-roditelej-i-ne-tolko/. (In Russ)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broshyura po Akhondroplazii. Dlya roditeley i ne tol’ko [Brochure on Achondroplasia. For parents and beyond]. Available from: https://lp-ru.ru/2019/10/30/broshyura-po-ahondroplazii-dlya-roditelej-i-ne-tolko/. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reshhikov D. A., Pal’m V. V., Rasskazchikova I. V. Diagnostika i lechenie zhizneugrozhajushhih sostojanij u detej s ahondroplaziej [Diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening conditions in children with achondroplasia] Rossijskij vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii [Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics]. 2020; 65 (4): 356. (In Russ)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshhikov D. A., Pal’m V. V., Rasskazchikova I. V. Diagnostika i lechenie zhizneugrozhajushhih sostojanij u detej s ahondroplaziej [Diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening conditions in children with achondroplasia] Rossijskij vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii [Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics]. 2020; 65 (4): 356. (In Russ)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keiper G. L., Koch B., Crone K. R. Achondroplasia and cervicomedullary compression: Prospective evaluation and surgical treatment. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 1999; 31: 78–83. Doi: 10.1159/000028838.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keiper G. L., Koch B., Crone K. R. Achondroplasia and cervicomedullary compression: Prospective evaluation and surgical treatment. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 1999; 31: 78–83. Doi: 10.1159/000028838.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
