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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2022.08.4-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2121</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКОЕ СООБЩЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRIEF REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новая биологическая теория - теория carcino-evo-devo, её нетривиальные предсказания и взаимоотношения с другими биологическими теориями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New biological theory - the theory of carcino-evo-devo, its non-trivial predictions and relations to other biological theories</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">contact@biomed.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН; Биомедицинский центр; Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences;  Biomedical Center;  Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козлов А.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлов А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlov A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2121">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2121</self-uri><abstract><p>Основная гипотеза теории carcino-evo-devo заключается в том, что эволюционная роль наследуемых опухолей состоит в предоставлении эволюционирующим организмам дополнительных клеточных масс для экспрессии эволюционно новых генов, возникающих в ДНК зародышевых клеток, и эволюционно новых сочетаний генов, что приводит к возникновению эволюционно новых типов клеток, тканей и органов. В работе, опубликованной в отечественном журнале Acta Naturae в 2019 г., были проанализированы взаимоотношения новой теории с уже существующими биологическими теориями, и предпринята попытка объяснения целого ряда необъяснённых биологических явлений. Несколько нетривиальных предсказаний теории carcino-evo-devo были подтверждены в нашей лаборатории. К настоящему времени описано более двухсот онкогенов, что примерно соответствует числу морфологически описанных типов клеток у человека. С помощью компьютерной геномики нами было подтверждено предсказание о параллельной эволюции отдельных классов генов, связанных с опухолегенезом и дифференцировкой - онкогенов, генов-супрессоров опухолевого роста, и дифференцировочных генов. Предсказание об экспрессии в опухолях эволюционно новых генов было подтверждено во многих наших публикациях. Нами был описан новый класс генов - эволюционно новые гены, экспрессирующиеся преимущественно в опухолях (TSEEN genes-tumor specifically expressed, evolutionarily novel genes). Возможность участия опухолей в образовании эволюционно новых органов была подтверждена на модели «шапочек» золотых рыбок. Нами было гистологически доказано, что «шапочки» являются доброкачественными опухолями. Это первый описанный в мировой литературе пример искусственного отбора опухолей на новую функцию в организме. С использованием модели трансгенных индуцибельных опухолей рыб нами было показано приобретение прогрессивных функций, не встречающихся у рыб, человеческими ортологами TSEEN генов рыб. Эти данные являются прямым подтверждением теории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main hypothesis of carcino-evo-devo theory posits that hereditary tumors provide evolving multicellular organisms with extra cell masses for expression of evolutionarily new genes, which originate in DNA of germ cells. As a result of expression of novel genes and gene combinations, tumor cells acquire new functions and differentiate in new directions, which may lead to the origin of new cell types, tissues and organs. Several non-trivial predictions have been confirmed in our laboratory. In 1987, when only a dozen oncogenes have been described, I predicted that the number of oncogenes should correspond to the number of differentiated cell types in multicellular organism, two hundred cell types in humans at that time. Indeed, by now over two hundred different oncogenes have been described. Using computer genomics we confirmed the prediction about co-evolution of oncogenes, tumor suppressor and differentiation gene classes. Expression of evolutionarily new genes in tumors has been studied in many our publications. We described a new class of genes - tumor specifically expressed, evolutionarily novel (TSEEN) genes. The possibility of tumor participation in formation of new organs was confirmed on the model of «hoods» of goldfishes. We proved that «hoods» are benign tumors, the first example of artificial selection of tumors in the literature. Using the model of transgenic inducible tumors in fishes we have shown that human orthologs of fish TSEEN genes acquire progressive functions not encountered in fishes. This is a direct confirmation of the main hypothesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория</kwd><kwd>carcino-evo-devo</kwd><kwd>предсказания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>theory</kwd><kwd>carcino-evo-devo</kwd><kwd>predictions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kozlov A.P. Evolution of living organisms as a multilevel process. J. Theor. Biol. 1979; 81:1 -17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov A.P. Evolution of living organisms as a multilevel process. J. Theor. Biol. 1979; 81:1 -17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов А.П. Принципы многоуровневого развития организмов. Проблемы анализа биологических систем. Под ред. В.Н. Максимова. 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