medgenМедицинская генетикаMedical Genetics2073-7998Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC10.25557/2073-7998.2022.01.28-33medgen-2020Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL RESEARCHЭпидемиология гастрошизиса в регионах Российской Федерации за 2011-2019 годыEpidemiology of gastroschisis in the Russian Federation regions for 2011-2019ДемиковаН. С.DemikovaN. S.ns_d@rambler.ruПодольнаяМ. А.PodolnayaM. A.noemail@neicon.ruЗаяеваЕ. Е.ZayaevaE. E.noemail@neicon.ruНаучно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияVeltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава РоссииРоссияVeltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2022220420222112833Copyright © Демикова Н.С., Подольная М.А., Заяева Е.Е., 20222022Демикова Н.С., Подольная М.А., Заяева Е.Е.Demikova N.S., Podolnaya M.A., Zayaeva E.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2020

Цель: определение популяционной частоты порока развития брюшной стенки - гастрошизиса, анализ ее динамики за период с 2011 по 2019 годы и выявление факторов риска по данным региональных регистров врожденных пороков развития (ВПР) России. Методы. Данные мониторинга ВПР 22 регионов РФ за период 2011-2019 годы. Для оценки частоты изучаемого порока и ее динамики проанализированы данные о случаях гастрошизиса как среди новорожденных, так и у индуцированных абортов. Частота порока рассчитывалась на 10 000 рождений. Результаты. За анализируемый период времени зарегистрировано 896 случаев гастрошизиса, причем большая часть случаев порока (56,6;%) зарегистрирована у плодов, элиминированных в связи с выявлением в пренатальном периоде, 40,4% - случаи гастрошизиса у живорожденных и 3,0% - у мертворожденных. Соотношение полов среди пораженных составляет 1,3М:1Ж. Популяционная частота порока составила 2,24 (95%ДИ 2,10-2,40) на 10000 рождений. Частота порока за годы исследования не изменялась. Гастрошизис чаще встречается как изолированный порок (79,1%) случаев. В 20,9% отмечалось сочетание с пороками развития других органов. Показано, что частота порока выше среди детей матерей в возрасте до 20 лет (частота 8,67, 95% ДИ 7,38 ÷10,17) и реже среди потомства женщин старше 35 лет (1,24, 95% ДИ 0,97÷1,58). Выводы. В результате исследования определена частота гастрошизиса в регионах РФ, которая не изменяется в течение 9-летнего периода. Показано, что молодой возраст матери является фактором риска возникновения порока. Выявление таких факторов риска важно для повышения эффективности профилактических мероприятий.

Aim: to determine the population frequency of abdominal wall malformation - gastroschisis, to analyze its dynamics from 2011 to 2019, to identify risk factors according to the regional registers of congenital malformations of the Russian Federation. Methods. We used data from registers of congenital malformations in 22 constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2011-2019. Cases of gastroschisis in newborns and in fetuses eliminated due to the detection of a defect in the prenatal period were taken into account. The frequency of the defect was calculated per 10 000 births. Results. During the analyzed period of time 896 cases of gastroschisis were registered. The majority of cases recorded in fetuses (56.6;%), 40.4% - cases of gastroschisis in livebirths and 3.0% - in stillborns. The sex ratio among the affected is 1.3M:1F. The population frequency of the defect was 2.24 (95% CI 2.10-2.40) per 10,000 births. The frequency of the defect did not change over the years of the study. Gastroschisis is more common as an isolated defect (79.1%). In 20.9%, there was a combination with other malformations. It was shown that the frequency of the defect is higher among children of mothers under the age of 20 years (frequency 8.67, 95% CI 7.38 ÷ 10.17) and less often among the offspring of women older than 35 years (1.24, 95% CI 0.97 ÷1.58). Conclusions. As a result of the study, the frequency of gastroschisis in the regions of the Russian Federation was determined, which does not change over a 9-year period. It is shown that the young age of the mother is a risk factor for the defect occurrence. The identification of such risk factors is important to improve the effectiveness of preventive measures.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.