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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2021.12.12-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-2000</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексное генетическое обследование пациентов с азооспермией и олигозооспермией тяжелой степени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive genetic examination of azoospermiс and severe oligozoospermiс patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">olga_pilyaeva@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Опарина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oparina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаят</surname><given-names>С. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayat</surname><given-names>S. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штаут</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtaut</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коталевская</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotalevskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латыпов</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Latypov</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курило</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurilo</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»; ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetic; Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соловова О.А., Опарина Н.В., Сорокина Т.М., Андреева М.В., Хаят С.Ш., Штаут М.И., Коталевская Ю.Ю., Латыпов А.Ш., Курило Л.Ф., Поляков А.В., Черных В.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соловова О.А., Опарина Н.В., Сорокина Т.М., Андреева М.В., Хаят С.Ш., Штаут М.И., Коталевская Ю.Ю., Латыпов А.Ш., Курило Л.Ф., Поляков А.В., Черных В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solovova O.A., Oparina N.V., Sorokina T.M., Andreeva M.V., Khayat S.S., Shtaut M.I., Kotalevskaya Y.Y., Latypov A.S., Kurilo L.F., Polyakov A.V., Chernykh V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2000">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2000</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Тяжелые формы нарушения репродукции часто связаны с генетическими факторами. Однако по ряду причин медико-генетическое обследование и консультирование пациентов с бесплодием недостаточно эффективны, и вклад многих генетических факторов в генез нарушения фертильности остается недостаточно изученным. Комплексный подход к обследованию с использованием различных клинических, цитогенетических и молекулярно-генетических методов позволяет улучшить диагностику генетически обусловленных форм нарушения фертильности, в частности связанных с азооспермией или олигозооспермией тяжелой степени. Цель: повышение эффективности медико-генетического обследования и консультирования пациентов с азооспермией и олигозооспермией. Методы. В отобранную выборку включены 200 мужчин с азооспермией (n=172) и олигозооспермией тяжелой степени (n=28). Пациентам выполнено клиническое, андрологическое и лабораторно-инструментальное обследование: УЗИ органов мошонки, сперматологическое, гормональное, цитогенетическое, молекулярно-цитогенетическое (FISH) и молекулярно-генетическое исследования локусов или генов, связанных с нарушением мужской фертильности (AZF, гены CFTR, AR). Результаты. Различные генетические факторы нарушения фертильности обнаружены у 99 (49,5%) из 200 пациентов, в том числе у 76 (45,7%) мужчин с азооспермией и у 23 (82,1%) пациентов с олигозооспермией. Муковисцидоз и синдром CBAVD диагностированы у 4,5% пациентов, врожденный гипогонадотропный гипогонадизм - у 7,5% мужчин. Аномалии кариотипа обнаружены у 52 (26,8%) пациентов, включая синдром Клайнфельтера (47,XXY; n=34), дисомию Y (47,XYY; n=6), 46,XX тестикулярную форму нарушения формирования пола (n=3), сбалансированные аномалии аутосом (n=9). По результатам FISH-анализа у пациентов c анеуплоидией по половым хромосомам не обнаружено скрытого мозаицизма. Патогенные микроделеции Y-хромосомы в локусе AZF (Yq11.2) обнаружены у 16 (8%) пациентов. Патогенные варианты в гене CFTR детектированы у 9 пациентов с муковисцидозом и синдромом CBAVD. Выводы. Использование комплексного генетического обследования позволяет существенно повысить эффективность диагностики генетически обусловленных форм мужского бесплодия, связанного с тяжелыми формами патозооспермии. Для выявления редких несиндромальных генетических форм нарушения фертильности, связанных с генными вариантами и вариациями числа копий, необходимо применение массового параллельного секвенирования, хромосомного микроматричного анализа и других методов геномного анализа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Severe forms of reproduction disorders are often associated with genetic factors. However, for a number of reasons, medical and genetic examination and counseling of infertile patients are not effective enough, and the contribution of many genetic factors to the genesis of fertility disorders remains insufficiently studied. An integrated approach using various clinical, cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods in the examination makes it possible to improve the diagnosis of genetically determined forms of fertility disorders, in particular those associated with severe azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Aim: improving the effectiveness of medical and genetic examination and counseling of patients with severe azoospermia and oligozoospermia. Methods. The selected sample included 200 men with azoospermia (n=172) and severe oligozoospermia (n=28). The patients underwent clinical, andrological and laboratory-instrumental examination: ultrasound of the scrotum, spermatological, hormonal, cytogenetic, molecular cytogenetic (FISH) and molecular genetic examination of loci or genes associated with male fertility disorders (AZF, CFTR, AR). Results. Various genetic factors of male infertility were found in 99 (49.5%) of 200 patients, including 76 (45.7%) men with azoospermia and 23 (82.1%) patients with severe oligozoospermia. Cystic fibrosis and CBAVD syndrome were diagnosed in 4.5% of patients, congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism - in 7.5% of men. Karyotype abnormalities were found in 52 (26.8%) patients, including Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY; n=34), disomy Y (47,XYY; n=6), 46,XX-testicular disorder of sex development (n=3), balanced autosomal abnormalities (n=9). According to the results of the FISH analysis, no cryptic mosaicism was found in patients with sex chromosomes aneuploidy. Pathogenic Y chromosome microdeletions in the AZF locus (Y q11.2) were found in 16 (8%) patients. Pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene were detected in 9 patients with cystic fibrosis and CBAVD syndrome. Conclusions. Comprehensive genetic examination can significantly improve the effectiveness of the diagnosis of genetically determined forms of male infertility associated with severe pathozoospermia. To identify rare non-syndromic genetic forms of male fertility associated with gene variants and copy number variations, it is necessary to use massive parallel sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization and other genomic analysis methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мужское бесплодие</kwd><kwd>азооспермия</kwd><kwd>олигозооспермия</kwd><kwd>гипогонадизм</kwd><kwd>хромосомные аномалии</kwd><kwd>синдром Клайнфельтера</kwd><kwd>AZF</kwd><kwd>CBAVD</kwd><kwd>муковисцидоз</kwd><kwd>микроделеции</kwd><kwd>Y-хромосома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>male infertility</kwd><kwd>azoospermia</kwd><kwd>oligozoospermia</kwd><kwd>hypogonadism</kwd><kwd>chromosome anomalies</kwd><kwd>Klinefelter syndrome</kwd><kwd>AZF</kwd><kwd>CBAVD</kwd><kwd>cystic fibrosis</kwd><kwd>microdeletions</kwd><kwd>Y-chromosome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство ВОЗ по исследованию и обработке эякулята человека (5-e издание) М.: «Капитал Принт», 2012. 291 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Руководство ВОЗ по исследованию и обработке эякулята человека (5-e издание) М.: «Капитал Принт», 2012. 291 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oud M.S., Volozonoka L., Smits R.M., et al. 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