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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2021.07.37-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-1947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование CRISPR/Cas9 для нокаута аллелей гена DES, несущих гетерозиготные gain-of-function мутации, связанные с развитием десминопатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of the DES gene alleles with desminopathy-related heterozygous gain-of-function mutations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин-Никитский</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin-Nikitsky</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kncs@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заклязьминская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaklyazminskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнихина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnikhina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочергин-Никитский К.С., Лавров А.В., Заклязьминская Е.В., Смирнихина С.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочергин-Никитский К.С., Лавров А.В., Заклязьминская Е.В., Смирнихина С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochergin-Nikitsky K.S., Lavrov A.V., Zaklyazminskaya E.V., Smirnikhina S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1947">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1947</self-uri><abstract><p>Наследственные кардиомиопатии характеризуются неблагоприятным прогнозом и низкой пятилетней выживаемостью пациентов с выраженной клиникой. При этом лечение, за исключением хирургического, в основном паллиативное, во многих случаях лишь трансплантация сердца может улучшить состояние пациента и прогноз. Часть наследственных кардиомиопатий ассоциирована с аутосомно-доминантными мутациями в гене DES, кодирующем белок промежуточных филаментов десмин, дефекты в котором ведут к развитию десминопатий с вовлечением наиболее активно работающих мышц - скелетных, миокарда, мышц дыхательной системы. Новые терапевтические подходы, основанные на методах геномного редактирования, могут позволить устранить каузативный генетический дефект. Так как имеются данные об отсутствии клинических симптомов у людей с гетерозиготными нонсенс мутациями в гене DES, по-видимому, имеется возможность снизить тяжесть протекания десминопатий путем нокаута мутантного аллеля в случае гетерозиготной мутации. Целью работы являлась проверка возможности специфического нокаута аллелей гена DES, несущих гетерозиготные мутации, ассоциированные с десминопатиями, методами геномного редактирования. Нами был получен генетический материал трех пациентов с десминопатиями, связанными с мутациями в гене DES (c.330_338del, p.A337P (c.1009G&gt;C) и p.R355P (c.1064G&gt;C)). Направляющие РНК, совместимые с нуклеазами SaCas9 и eSpCas9(1.1), были подобраны, используя онлайн сервис Benchling, и клонированы в плазмиды, несущие соответствующие эндонуклеазы Cas9. Редактирующие плазмиды котрансфицировали в клетки HEK293T вместе с «таргетными» плазмидами, содержащими участки гена DES с мутациями. Анализ характерных для негомологичного соединения концов инделов в выделенной из клеток спустя 48 часов после трансфекции тотальной ДНК проводился посредством TIDE-анализа полученных сиквенсов целевых участков, либо методом Т7Е1 анализа. Наибольшая средняя эффективность 2,22% (до 8,06%) показана при использовании sgRNA на мутацию c.330_338del в комбинации с eSpCas9(1.1). Эффективность других комбинаций направляющих РНК и Cas9 не превышала 3%. Достигнутая эффективность нокаута очевидно недостаточна для коррекции десминопатии на уровне организма. Необходимость специфического нокаутирования мутантных аллелей не позволяет использовать другие направляющие РНК для CRISPR/Cas9, поэтому необходимо совершенствование разработанных систем для повышения их эффективности либо использование новых, более эффективных, направляемых нуклеаз.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hereditary cardiomyopathies are characterized by the generally poor prognosis and low 5-year survival of patients with severe symptoms. Besides surgical approaches, cardiomyopathy therapy mainly palliative and often heart transplantation is the only option to improve patient state and prognosis. Some of these pathologies are associated with the autosomal-dominant DES gene mutations. DES encodes intermediate filaments protein desmin, which defects causes desminopathies involving most active muscles such as skeletal muscles, myocardium and respiratory muscles. New therapeutic based on genome editing approaches could be used to correct causative genetic defect. There are data that heterozygous nonsense mutations in DES gene may be asymptomatic. Thus there is, apparently, a possibility to decrease severity of desminopathy using mutant allele knockout. Purpose. The aim of this work was to test the possibility of specific knockout of the DES gene alleles with heterozygous desminopathy-associated mutations by means of genome editing methods. Materials. We received genetic materials of three patients with desminopathy caused by DES gene mutations (c.330_338del, p.A337P (c.1009G&gt;C) и p.R355P (c.1064G&gt;C)). Guide RNA, compatible with nucleases SaCas9 and eSpCas9(1.1) were designed using online service Benchling and cloned into plasmids with corresponding Cas9 nucleases. Editing plasmids were cotransfected into HEK293T cells with “target” plasmids, containing DES gene sites with mutations. NHEJ-produced indels were assessed using TIDE-analysis with amplified and sequenced sites or using T7E1 analysis. Results. Combination sgRNA for c.330_338del with eSpCas9(1.1) demonstrated most mean efficiency of 2,22% (up to 8,06%). Others combinations of sgRNAs and Cas9 efficiency did not overcome 3%. Conclusions. Achieved knockout efficiency is evidently not enough for organism-level desminopathy correction. The need for specific knockout of mutated alleles does not allow usage of different guide RNAs for CRISPR/Cas9, so it is necessary to improve the developed systems to increase their efficiency or to use new, more efficient, targeted nucleases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>десминопатия</kwd><kwd>ген DES</kwd><kwd>десмин</kwd><kwd>геномное редактирование</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas9</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>desminopathy</kwd><kwd>DES</kwd><kwd>desmin</kwd><kwd>genome editing</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas9</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McKenna W.J., Maron B.J., Thiene G. Classification, epidemiology, and global burden of cardiomyopathies. 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