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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2021.05.48-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-1912</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность известных и предполагаемых маркерных мутаций при доброкачественных и злокачественных новообразованиях щитовидной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence of well-characterized and putative marker mutations in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушина</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakushina</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vdyakushina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеева</surname><given-names>Т. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeeva</surname><given-names>T. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казубская</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazubskaya</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondrat’Ieva</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лернер</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lerner</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В.М. Буянова Департамента Здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital after V.M. Buyanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н. Н. Блохина» МЗ РФ;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н. Н. Блохина» МЗ РФ;  ООО «ПреМед», Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; PreMed-European Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В.М. Буянова Департамента Здравоохранения города Москвы»; ООО «ПреМед», Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital after V.M. Buyanov; PreMed-European Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Якушина В.Д., Авдеева Т.Ф., Казубская Т.П., Кондратьева Т.Т., Лернер Л.В., Лавров А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якушина В.Д., Авдеева Т.Ф., Казубская Т.П., Кондратьева Т.Т., Лернер Л.В., Лавров А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakushina V.D., Avdeeva T.F., Kazubskaya T.P., Kondrat’Ieva T.T., Lerner L.V., Lavrov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1912">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1912</self-uri><abstract><p>Недостаточная точность дооперационной дифференциальной диагностики путём цитологического исследования материала, полученного при тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии, и низкая доля случаев злокачественных новообразований, описываемых молекулярно-генетическими маркерами с известной диагностической значимостью, обуславливают актуальность поиска новых молекулярно-генетических маркеров и необходимость оценки их ассоциации с риском рака и клинико-морфологическими характеристиками. Целью работы явилось исследование распространенности расширенного спектра известных и новых предполагаемых драйверных и вторичных мутаций в доброкачественных и злокачественных новообразованиях щитовидной железы. Материал исследования: свежезамороженный хирургический материал злокачественных (64 образца) и доброкачественных (16 образцов) новообразований щитовидной железы. Для поиска точковых вариантов, коротких инсерций/делеций, изменений копийности выполнено таргетное высокопроизводительное секвенирование ДНК по технологии AmpliSeq на платформе NextSeq 550 (Illumina). Поиск перестроек выполнен по наличию транскрипта методом таргетного высокопроизводительного секвенирования по технологии AmpliSeq на платформе MiSeq (Illumina). Мутации в генах BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS выявлены в 62% случаев рака. В 12% случаев рака выявлены перестройки CCDC6-RET (3 случая) и PAX8-PPARG (2 случая), TPM3-NTRK1, ETV6-NTRK3, STRN-ALK - по одному случаю. Во всех случаях выявленные перестройки были взаимоисключающие с другими известными драйверными мутациями. При доброкачественных новообразованиях перестройки не выявлены. Мутации промотора гена TERT выявлены в 10% случаев рака щитовидной железы и были представлены совместно с известными драйверными мутациями. Известная миссенс мутация EIF1AX выявлена в одном случае доброкачественного новообразования, при злокачественных новообразованиях мутации в гене EIF1AX не выявлены. Предполагаемые драйверные мутации в онкогенах PPM1D, PDGFRA, KDR выявлены в образцах рака щитовидной железы и не выявлены при доброкачественных новообразованиях щитовидной железы. Выводы: дана характеристика распространенности драйверных мутаций с известной диагностической значимостью и мутаций в генах, описанных в литературе без установленной диагностической значимости, при доброкачественных и злокачественных новообразованиях щитовидной железы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Insufficient accuracy of preoperative differential diagnostics by cytological examination of fine-needle aspiration biopsy material and low proportion of cases of malignant neoplasms described by molecular genetic markers with known diagnostic significance determine the relevance of the search for new molecular genetic markers with an assessment of their association with cancer risk and clinical and morphological characteristics. The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of an expanded spectrum of known and new putative driver and secondary mutations in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Material: fresh frozen surgical material of malignant (64 samples) and benign (16 samples) thyroid neoplasms. Methods: search for point variants, short insertions/deletions, and copy number variations was performed via targeted high-throughput sequencing using AmpliSeq technology on the Illumina NextSeq platform. Fusions were by the presence of fused transcript by targeted high-throughput sequencing using AmpliSeq technology on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: mutations in genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS were detected in 62% of cancer cases. In 12% of cancers we detected rearrangements of CCDC6-RET (3 cases) and PAX8-PPARG (2 cases), TPM3-NTRK1, ETV6-NTRK3, STRN-ALK - one case each. In all cases, the identified rearrangements were mutually exclusive with other known driver mutations. In benign neoplasms, no rearrangements were found. Mutations in the TERT gene promoter have been identified in 10% of thyroid cancers and have been associated with known driver mutations. The well-known missense mutation EIF1AX was detected in one case of a benign neoplasm of the thyroid gland; in malignant neoplasms, no EIF1AX mutation were detected. Putative driver mutations in the PPM1D, PDGFRA, KDR oncogenes were detected in thyroid cancer samples and were not detected in benign thyroid neoplasms. Conclusions: the work characterize the prevalence of driver mutations with a known diagnostic significance and mutations in genes described in the literature without a known diagnostic significance in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>перестройки</kwd><kwd>таргетное высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>rearrangements</kwd><kwd>targeted high-throughput sequencing</kwd><kwd>differential diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanabria A., Kowalski L.P., Shah J.P., et al. Growing incidence of thyroid carcinoma in recent years: Factors underlying overdiagnosis. 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