medgenМедицинская генетикаMedical Genetics2073-7998Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC10.25557/2073-7998.2021.04.3-8medgen-1901Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫREVIEWРоль ферментов метаболизма алкоголя при хроническом алкогольном панкреатите (литературный обзор)The role of alcohol metabolism enzymes in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (review)АлиеваГ. Р.AliyevaG. R.gunayaliyeva80@gmail.comНаучный Центр Хирургии имени акад. М.А.ТопчибашеваРоссияScientific Center of Surgery after M.TopchubashovRussian Federation20210408202120438Copyright © Алиева Г.Р., 20212021Алиева Г.Р.Aliyeva G.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1901

Алкогольный метаболизм является решающим биологическим фактором, значительно влияющим на злоупотребление алкоголем, развитие алкоголизма и алкогольное повреждение органов. Основной путь метаболизма этанола - это алкогольдегидрогеназный путь превращения в ацетальдегид, который переходит в митохондрии и окисляется до уксусной кислоты. Через этот путь проходит 80-90% всего этанола. За окисление 10-20% этанола отвечает алкогольоксидаза (цитохром P450), также называемая «микросомальная этанолокисляющая система» (MEOS/CYP2E1). Основные ферменты метаболизма алкоголя проявляют генетический полиморфизм и этническую изменчивость. В данном обзоре представлены достижения последних десятилетий в понимании функциональных полиморфных локусов генов ADH и ALDH и их метаболических, физиологических и клинических корреляций.

Alcohol metabolism is a decisive biological factor that significantly affects alcohol abuse, the development of alcoholism and alcohol damage to organs. The main pathway of ethanol metabolism is the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway to acetaldehyde, which passes into the mitochondria and is oxidized to acetic acid. 80-90% of all ethanol passes through this path. Alcohol oxidase (cytochrome P450), also called microsomal ethanol oxidation system (MEOS/CYP2E1), is responsible for the oxidation of 10-20% of ethanol. The main alcohol metabolizing enzymes exhibit genetic polymorphism and ethnic variation. This review presents recent advances in understanding the functional polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and their metabolic, physiological, and clinical correlations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.