<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Genetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25557/2073-7998.2020.10.19-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medgen-1731</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование влияния CAG-полиморфизма гена андрогенового рецептора (AR) на сперматологические показатели у российских мужчин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the effect of CAG polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) gene on spermatological parameters in Russian men</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меликян</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melikyan</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Близнец</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bliznetz</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штаут</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtaut</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курило</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurilo</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">chernykh@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меликян Л.П., Близнец Е.А., Штаут М.И., Седова А.О., Сорокина Т.М., Курило Л.Ф., Поляков А.В., Черных В.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меликян Л.П., Близнец Е.А., Штаут М.И., Седова А.О., Сорокина Т.М., Курило Л.Ф., Поляков А.В., Черных В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melikyan L.P., Bliznetz E.A., Shtaut M.I., Sedova A.O., Sorokina T.M., Kurilo L.F., Polyakov A.V., Chernykh V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1731">https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1731</self-uri><abstract><p>Полиморфизм CAG-повторов в экзоне 1 гена андрогенового рецептора (AR/HUMARA) ассоциирован с патозооспермией и нарушением мужской фертильности, однако его влияние на сперматогенез и показатели семенной жидкости недостаточно изучено. В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния количества CAG-повторов гена AR на показатели спермограммы у российских мужчин с бесплодием в браке, связанным с патозооспермией (n=451), и у мужчин с нормозооспермией - контрольная группа (n=131). Не выявлено зависимости концентрации и общего количества сперматозоидов в эякуляте, доли (%) прогрессивно подвижных (PR), морфологически нормальных и живых сперматозоидов от количества CAG-повторов гена андрогенового рецептора. У пациентов с тератозооспермией количество CAG-повторов статистически значимо выше, чем у мужчин без тератозооспермии (22,37±3,20 против 22,15±3,12; р=0,02).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polymorphism of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene (AR/HUMARA) is associated with pathozoospermia and male sub-/infertility, but its effect on spermatogenesis and seminal fluid parameters is under evaluated. The article presents the results of a study of CAG repeats in AR gene on semen parameters in Russian male patients from infertile couples with pathozoospermia (n = 451), and in normozoospermic men, a control group (n = 131). The analysis of the groups revealed no dependence of the concentration indices, the total amount and amount (%) of progressively motile («PR»), morphologically normal and live spermatozoa from the number of CAG repeats of the AR gene. Teratozoospermic patients have statistically significantly higher number of CAG repeats, than men without teratozoospermia (22.37 ± 3.20 versus 22.15 ± 3.12; p = 0.02).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>андрогеновый рецептор</kwd><kwd>мужское бесплодие</kwd><kwd>сперматогенез</kwd><kwd>патозооспермия</kwd><kwd>фертильность</kwd><kwd>тринуклеотидные повторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>androgen receptor</kwd><kwd>male infertility</kwd><kwd>spermatogenesis</kwd><kwd>pathozoospermia</kwd><kwd>male fertility</kwd><kwd>trinucleotide repeats</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dabaja A.A., Schlegel P.N. Medical treatment of male infertility. Transl. Androl. Urol. 2014; 3(1): 9-16. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.01.06.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dabaja A.A., Schlegel P.N. Medical treatment of male infertility. Transl. Androl. Urol. 2014; 3(1): 9-16. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.01.06.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winters B.R., Walsh T.J. The epidemiology of male infertility. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 2014; 41(1): 195-204. doi: 10.1016 / j.ucl.2013.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winters B.R., Walsh T.J. The epidemiology of male infertility. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 2014; 41(1): 195-204. doi: 10.1016 / j.ucl.2013.08.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith J.F., Walsh T.J., Shindel A.W. et al. Sexual, marital, and social impact of a man’s perceived infertility diagnosis. J. Sex. Med. 2009; 6(9): 2505-2515. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01383.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith J.F., Walsh T.J., Shindel A.W. et al. Sexual, marital, and social impact of a man’s perceived infertility diagnosis. J. Sex. Med. 2009; 6(9): 2505-2515. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01383.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batiha O., Haifawi S., Al-Smadi M. et al. Molecular analysis of CAG repeat length of the androgen receptor gene and Y chromosome microdeletions among Jordanian azoospermic infertile males. Andrologia 2018; 50(4): e12979. doi: 10.1111/and.12979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batiha O., Haifawi S., Al-Smadi M. et al. Molecular analysis of CAG repeat length of the androgen receptor gene and Y chromosome microdeletions among Jordanian azoospermic infertile males. Andrologia 2018; 50(4): e12979. doi: 10.1111/and.12979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bain D.L., Heneghan A.F., Connaghan-Jones K.D., Miura M.T. Nuclear receptor structure: implications for function. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2007; 60: 201-220. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905. 160308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bain D.L., Heneghan A.F., Connaghan-Jones K.D., Miura M.T. Nuclear receptor structure: implications for function. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2007; 60: 201-220. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905. 160308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacLean H.E., Warne G.L., Zajac J.D. Localization of functional domains in the androgen receptor. J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1997; 62(4): 233-242. doi: 10.1016/s0960-0760(97)00049-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacLean H.E., Warne G.L., Zajac J.D. Localization of functional domains in the androgen receptor. J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1997; 62(4): 233-242. doi: 10.1016/s0960-0760(97)00049-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меликян Л.П., Черных В.Б. Полиморфизм CAG-повторов гена андрогенового рецептора, болезнь Кеннеди и мужское бесплодие. Андрология и генитальная хирургия. 2019; 20(2): 35-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Меликян Л.П., Черных В.Б. Полиморфизм CAG-повторов гена андрогенового рецептора, болезнь Кеннеди и мужское бесплодие. Андрология и генитальная хирургия. 2019; 20(2): 35-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajender S., Singh L., Thangaraj K. Phenotypic heterogeneity of mutations in androgen receptor gene. Asian J. Androl. 2007; 9(2): 147-179. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00250.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajender S., Singh L., Thangaraj K. Phenotypic heterogeneity of mutations in androgen receptor gene. Asian J. Androl. 2007; 9(2): 147-179. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00250.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Hara L., Smith L.B. Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and infertility. Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 2015; 29(4): 595-605. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.04.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Hara L., Smith L.B. Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and infertility. Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 2015; 29(4): 595-605. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.04.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferlin A., Raicu F., Gatta V. et al. Male infertility: role of genetic background. Reprod. Biomed. Online 2007; 14(6): 734-45. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60677-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferlin A., Raicu F., Gatta V. et al. Male infertility: role of genetic background. Reprod. Biomed. Online 2007; 14(6): 734-45. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60677-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milatiner D., Halle D., Huerta M. et al. Associations between androgen receptor CAG repeat length and sperm morphology. Hum. Reprod 2004; 19(6): 1426-1430. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milatiner D., Halle D., Huerta M. et al. Associations between androgen receptor CAG repeat length and sperm morphology. Hum. Reprod 2004; 19(6): 1426-1430. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh251.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan B., Li R., Chen Y. et al. Genetic Association Between Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Length Polymorphism and Male Infertility: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95(10): e2878. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002878.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan B., Li R., Chen Y. et al. Genetic Association Between Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Length Polymorphism and Male Infertility: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95(10): e2878. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giagulli V.A., Carbone M.D., De Pergola G. et al. Could androgen receptor gene CAG tract polymorphism affect spermatogenesis in men with idiopathic infertility? J. Assist. Reprod Genet. 2014; 31(6): 689-697. doi: 10.1007/s10815-014-0221-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giagulli V.A., Carbone M.D., De Pergola G. et al. Could androgen receptor gene CAG tract polymorphism affect spermatogenesis in men with idiopathic infertility? J. Assist. Reprod Genet. 2014; 31(6): 689-697. doi: 10.1007/s10815-014-0221-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство ВОЗ по исследованию и обработке эякулята человека. 5-е изд. М.: Капитал Принт, 2012. 291 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Руководство ВОЗ по исследованию и обработке эякулята человека. 5-е изд. М.: Капитал Принт, 2012. 291 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щагина О.А., Миронович О.Л., Забненкова В.В. и др. Экспансия CAG-повтора в экзоне 1 гена AR у больных спинальной амиотрофией. Медицинская генетика 2017; 16(9): 31-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Щагина О.А., Миронович О.Л., Забненкова В.В. и др. Экспансия CAG-повтора в экзоне 1 гена AR у больных спинальной амиотрофией. Медицинская генетика 2017; 16(9): 31-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yong E.L., Loy C.J., Sim K.S. Androgen receptor gene and male infertility. Hum. Reprod Update 2003; 9(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmg003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yong E.L., Loy C.J., Sim K.S. Androgen receptor gene and male infertility. Hum. Reprod Update 2003; 9(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmg003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajpert-De Meyts E., Leffers H., Petersen J.H. et al. CAG repeat length in androgen-receptor gene and reproductive variables in fertile and infertile men. Lancet 2002; 359(9300): 44-46. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07280-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajpert-De Meyts E., Leffers H., Petersen J.H. et al. CAG repeat length in androgen-receptor gene and reproductive variables in fertile and infertile men. Lancet 2002; 359(9300): 44-46. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07280-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Spada A.R., Wilson E.M., Lubahn D.B. et al. Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature 1991; 352(6330): 77-79. doi: 10.1038/352077a0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Spada A.R., Wilson E.M., Lubahn D.B. et al. Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature 1991; 352(6330): 77-79. doi: 10.1038/352077a0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chamberlain N.L., Driver E.D., Miesfeld R.L. The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22(15): 3181-3186. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.15.3181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chamberlain N.L., Driver E.D., Miesfeld R.L. The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22(15): 3181-3186. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.15.3181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фесай О.А., Кравченко С.А., Тыркус М.Я. и др. CAG-полиморфизм гена андрогенового рецептора у мужчин с азооспермией и олигозооспермией из Украины. Цитология и генетика. 2009; 43(6): 45-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Фесай О.А., Кравченко С.А., Тыркус М.Я. и др. CAG-полиморфизм гена андрогенового рецептора у мужчин с азооспермией и олигозооспермией из Украины. Цитология и генетика. 2009; 43(6): 45-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меликян Л.П., Близнец Е.А., Поляков А.В. и др. Полиморфизм CAG-повторов в экзоне 1 гена андрогенового рецептора у российских мужчин с нормозооспермией и патозооспермией. Генетика. 2020; 56(8): 1-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Меликян Л.П., Близнец Е.А., Поляков А.В. и др. Полиморфизм CAG-повторов в экзоне 1 гена андрогенового рецептора у российских мужчин с нормозооспермией и патозооспермией. Генетика. 2020; 56(8): 1-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giovannucci E., Stampfer M.J., Krithivas K. et al. The CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997; 94(7): 3320-3323. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giovannucci E., Stampfer M.J., Krithivas K. et al. The CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997; 94(7): 3320-3323. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stanford J.L., Just J.J., Gibbs M. et al. Polymorphic repeats in the androgen receptor gene: molecular markers of prostate cancer risk. Cancer Res. 1997; 57(6): 1194-1198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stanford J.L., Just J.J., Gibbs M. et al. Polymorphic repeats in the androgen receptor gene: molecular markers of prostate cancer risk. Cancer Res. 1997; 57(6): 1194-1198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsing A.W., Gao Y.T., Wu G. et al. Polymorphic CAG and GGN repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Res. 2000; 60(18): 5111-5116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsing A.W., Gao Y.T., Wu G. et al. Polymorphic CAG and GGN repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Res. 2000; 60(18): 5111-5116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kukuvitis A., Georgiou I., Bouba I. et al. Association of oestrogen receptor α polymorphisms and androgen receptor CAG trinucleotide repeats with male infertility: a study in 109 Greek infertile men. Int. J. Androl. 2002; 25(3): 149-152. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002. 00339.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukuvitis A., Georgiou I., Bouba I. et al. Association of oestrogen receptor α polymorphisms and androgen receptor CAG trinucleotide repeats with male infertility: a study in 109 Greek infertile men. Int. J. Androl. 2002; 25(3): 149-152. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002. 00339.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallerand H., Rémy-Martin A., Chabannes E. et al. Relationship between expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene and idiopathic male infertility. Fertil. Steril. 2001; 76(4): 769-774. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01987-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallerand H., Rémy-Martin A., Chabannes E. et al. Relationship between expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene and idiopathic male infertility. Fertil. Steril. 2001; 76(4): 769-774. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01987-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайленко Д.С., Бабенко О.В., Никифорова О.К. и др. Молекулярно-генетический анализ области AZF, гена CFTR и CAG-повтора гена AR у мужчин с бесплодием. Проблемы репродукции 2005; (6): 52-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Михайленко Д.С., Бабенко О.В., Никифорова О.К. и др. Молекулярно-генетический анализ области AZF, гена CFTR и CAG-повтора гена AR у мужчин с бесплодием. Проблемы репродукции 2005; (6): 52-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nenonen H.A., Giwercman A., Hallengren E. et al. Non-linear association between androgen receptor CAG repeat length and risk of male subfertility a meta-analysis. Int. J. Androl. 2011; 34(4): 327-332. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01084.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nenonen H.A., Giwercman A., Hallengren E. et al. Non-linear association between androgen receptor CAG repeat length and risk of male subfertility a meta-analysis. Int. J. Androl. 2011; 34(4): 327-332. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01084.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazaros L., Xita N., Kaponis A. et al. Evidence for association of sex hormone-binding globulin and androgen receptor genes with semen quality. Andrologia 2008; 40(3): 186-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00835.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazaros L., Xita N., Kaponis A. et al. Evidence for association of sex hormone-binding globulin and androgen receptor genes with semen quality. Andrologia 2008; 40(3): 186-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00835.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
