medgenМедицинская генетикаMedical Genetics2073-7998Publishing House «Genius Media» LLC10.1234/XXXX-XXXX-2015-1-3-12medgen-1Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL RESEARCHРОЛЬ МИКРОРНК В ЭТИОЛОГИИ, ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ, ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ ИНСУЛЬТАROLE OF MICRORNAS IN ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF STROKEЖанинИ. С.ZhaninI. S.

119991, Россия, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр.1

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

zhails@mail.ruАсановА. Ю.AsanovA.. Y

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

aliy@rambler.ruПинелисВ. Г.PinelisV. G.

119991, Россия, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр.1

zhails@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научный центр здоровья детей»; Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохраненияРоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution «Scientific Centre of Children's Health» under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationГосударственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохраненияРоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научный центр здоровья детей»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution «Scientific Centre of Children's Health» under the Russian Academy of Medical SciencesRussian Federation201520122015141312Copyright © Жанин И.С., Асанов А.Ю., Пинелис В.Г., 20152015Жанин И.С., Асанов А.Ю., Пинелис В.Г.Zhanin I.S., Asanov A.Y., Pinelis V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1

Инсульт — одна из ведущих причин смерти и инвалидизации населения, имеет сложную многофакторную природу и развивается при взаимодействии факторов среды и наследственной предрасположенности, структура и механизмы которой интенсивно изучаются. Наиболее часто встречающийся вид инсульта — ишемический инсульт (ИИ). Одно из новых направлений в изучении механизмов развития ИИ — изучение профиля экспрессии микроРНК (мкРНК). МкРНК — это класс некодирующих РНК, участвующий в транскрипционной и посттранскрипционной регуляции экспрессии генов. В обзоре приводятся данные, свидетельствующие о важной роли мкРНК в этиологии, патогенезе, диагностике и лечении инсульта. В этиологии инсульта микроРНК, меняя профиль экспрессии, модулируют патогенетические механизмы возникновения и развития атеросклероза, гиперлипидемии, артериальной гипертезии, сахарного диабета. МкРНК в значительной мере могут модифицировать клинические проявления и исходы заболевания, влияя на основные звенья патогенеза ишемического повреждения мозга (гибель нейронов, воспаление, отёк). МкРНК могут быть биомаркёрами инсульта, позволяющими определить тип инсульта или выраженность повреждения мозга, а также использоваться в терапии инсульта.

 

Stroke, that is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world, is a multifactorial disease. It develops due to interaction of environmental factors and genetic predisposition, which structure and mechanisms are intensively studied. The most common type of stroke is the ischemic stroke. One of the new approaches in the study of stroke pathogenesis is researching microRNAs expression profiles. MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This review shows the significant role of microRNAs in stroke's etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment. In stroke etiology, microRNAs, changing their expression profile, modulate the pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes and plaque rupture. MicroRNAs can modify clinical aspects and clinical outcome by the influence on basic pathogenic mechanisms of ischemic brain damage (apoptosis, inflammation, brain edema). MicroRNAs may serve as biomarkers of stroke allowing to determine the type of stroke or the severity of brain damage, and they also could be used in the stroke treatment.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.